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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is frostbite?
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person can't physiologically compensate for cold
-produces injury |
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What are the major causes of frostbite in US?
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alcoholic or drug intoxicated people
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What are the 2 non-freezing cold injuries?
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Chilblains
Trench foot |
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Chilblains
SS, tx? |
mild/inflam lesions of bared body areas
-MC children & women (Reynaud phenomena) SS: pruritus & burning paresthesias TX: supportive (skin rewarmed, gently bandaged, elevated) |
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What can rewarming of chilblains do to the skin?
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tender blue nodules
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Trench foot
What is it? |
direct injury to soft tissue
prolonged cooling accelerated by wet conditions -peripheral nerves are more sensitive -develops hr-days & initially reversible |
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SS of Trench foot? PE?
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SS: hyperemic phase: hrs after warming
-severe burning pain & reappearance of prox sensation PE: pale foot, mottled, anesthetic, pulseless, immobile (this doesn't change after rewarming) |
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Tx for trench foot?
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keep warm
good boot fit change out wet socks several times a day |
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What are the 2 freezing cold injuries?
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frostnip and frostbite
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3 Zones of frostbite
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Coagulation: most severe, distal & IRREVERSIBLE
Hyperemia: most superficial; prox w/least cell damage -recovers w/o treatment Stasis: severe, possibly reversible cell damage -benefit from treatment |
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1st degree frostbite
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partial skin freezing, erythema, mild edema
lack of blisters, occasional skin desquamation -GOOD prognosis |
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2nd degree frostbite
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full thickness skin freezing
formation of substantial edema over 3-4 hrs formation of CLEAR blisters --> black eschars -GOOD prognosis |
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3rd degree frostbite
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damage into subdermal plexus
formation of HEMORRHAGIC blisters skin necrosis blue-gray discolored skin -POOR prognosis |
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4th degree frostbite
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extend into sub Q tissues, muscle, bone, tendon
-little edema -nonblanching cyanosis -bloody blebs -EXTREMELY POOR prognosis |
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For rewarming
-what temp should the water temp to be at? |
40-42 deg C
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Hyperthermia definition? what is the temperature?
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temp <35 deg C (95 deg F)
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What are the 4 ways for heat loss?
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conduction
convection radiation evaporation |
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conduction
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transfer of heat by direct contact down a temperature gradient
warm body --> cold environment |
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Convection
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transfer of head by movement of heated material
wind disrupting layer of warm air surrounding body |
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Radiation
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loss heat from non-insulated body areas
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Evaporation
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loss heat by evaporation of water contained in exhaled air
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Causes of hypothermia
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accidental --> environment
metabolic --> hypothalamic & CNS dysfunction Drug induced, sepsis, dermal dz acute incapacitating illness iatrogenic --> fluid resuscitation |
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Mild Hypothermia
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32 C - 35 C
-pt tries to retain & generate heat -initial responsive stage is CO, HR & BP, but starts to decrease as temp decreases |
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What happens when body goes below 32 deg C?
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progressive slowdown of bodily function & metabolism
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At what temperature does shivering stop?
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when body temp goes below 30 C
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Types of rewarming techniques
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passive rewarming: remove cold & insulate
active external rewarming: water immersion, blankets (40 dec C) active core rewarming: inhalation, IV, lavage, irrigation |
