Eppp Learning

Front 1

In a serial position task, which part of the list is best recalled after a brief delay (10-30 sec)?

Back 1

The beginning

Front 2

Describe stress innoculation technique

Back 2

1. EDUCATION on effects of maladaptive cognitions

2. REHEARSAL of coping skills

3. PRACTICE applying skills to a variety of situations

Front 3

Def:
negative / positive
reenforcement / punishment

Back 3

Negative / positive refer to the stimulus
Negative removes the stimulus; positive applies it

Reenforcement / punishment refer to the response
Reenforcement increases the response; punishment decreases it

Front 4

Def: blocking (classical conditioning)

Back 4

Step 1: classical CS1 - UCS
Step 2: CS2 paired with CS1
Step 3: CS1, CS2 - UCS
Step 4: CS2 does not elicit response

Front 5

What are the advantages of psychomotor training for the elderly?

Back 5

Improvements in:
strength
mobility
response speed
defensive driving

Front 6

Def: contrast effect

Back 6

A non-linear (disproportionate) response to an increase in a stimulus

Front 7

Def: rebound effect

Back 7

Increase in a response following a period of quiessence

Front 8

Primary cause of decrements in recent long term memory in the elderly

Back 8

Problems with encoding strategies

Front 9

Experiment design for study of retroactive interference

Back 9

Experimental group learns material similar to the original list. The control group engage in a dissimilar activity that prevents rehearsal

Front 10

Role of paradoxical intention for a behavior therapist

Back 10

In asking client to engage in a feared activity, anticipatory anxiety will be reduced because it is incompatibile with action

Front 11

Def: backward conditioning *

Back 11

Presenting the US before the CS

Ineffective in eliciting a CR

Front 12

Thorndike's Law of Effect

Back 12

Responses meeting with satisfaction are likely to be repeated

Responses resulting in discomfort will not

Front 13

Thorndike's Law of Exercise

Back 13

Responses occuring often enough in the presence of a stimulus are more likely to be repeated in the presence of the stimulus

Front 14

Thorndike's Law of Readiness

Back 14

An organism must be ready to perform an act before it can become satisfying

Front 15

Def: extinction

Back 15

Elimination of a conditioned response as a result of repeatedly presenting the CS without the UCS

Front 16

Def: pseudoconditioning

Back 16

An apparently conditioned response is an artifact of the conditioning situation, ie the conditioning is to the collective effect of the learning situation, not the experimental CS, and doesn't occur outside the learning situation

Front 17

Def: delayed conditioning *

Back 17

Presentation of the CS precedes but overlaps presentation of the UCS.

Usually elicits the strongest response and is acquired most quickly

Front 18

Def: counterconditioning

Back 18

Pairing an undesirable behavior with an incompatible behavior in order to eliminate the undesirable behavior

Front 19

Def: flooding

Back 19

Exposing a person to an anxiety-provoking situtation while preventing the avoidance response

Front 20

Def: behavioral contrast

Back 20

2 similar behaviors have been separately reenforced. When one is exstinguished, the other increases in frequency.

Front 21

Def: Premack principle

Back 21

Using a high probability behavior to reenforce a low probability behavior

Eg you can watch TV if you do your homework

Front 22

Mower's two part theory of avoidance behavior

Back 22

1. Avoidance is learned by pairing a stimulus with aversive consequences (avoidance conditioning)
2. Avoidance is maintained because it results in a reduction of anxiety (negative reenforcement)

Front 23

Def: aversive counterconditioning

Back 23

Pairing an aversive stimulus with a maladaptive behavior in order to reduce or eliminate the behavior. Intent is to get the maladaptive behavior to elicit the aversive response.

Front 24

Def: covert sensitization *

Back 24

Imaginal aversive counterconditioning

Front 25

Def: operant behaviors (operants)

Back 25

Spontaneously emitted behaviors controlled primarily by consequences

Front 26

Def: rational-emotive therapy (Ellis)

Back 26

Maladaptive behavior based on irrational beliefs, which therapy then tries to alter.

Front 27

Matching Law

Back 27

Rate of response is proportional to the rate of reinforcement

cp contrast effect

Front 28

Distinction between negative punishment and operant extinction

Back 28

In operant extinction the behavior you are trying to eliminate was previously reenforced

Front 29

Def: retroactive interference *

Back 29

Retroactive inhibition occurs when a new experience interferes with recall of an earlier one.

Front 30

Def: proactive interference *

Back 30

Proactive interference prevents the learning of new material because of something that precedes the learning

Front 31

Panic Control Treatment

Back 31

exposes patient to internal sensations that ordinarily accompany a panic attack

Front 32

Def: reciprocal inhibition *

Back 32

Reduction of anxiety by pairing it with relaxation or other incompatible response (Wolpe)

Front 33

Def: escape conditioning *

Back 33

learned behavior that enables escape

eg a rat conditioned to press a lever to terminate a shock; or a time-out is terminated because of expressed remorse

the escape response is learned immediately and persists because it is immediately reenforcing

a type of negative reenforcement - behavior increases in order to get rid of the stimulus

Front 34

What causes the 'scallop effect'

Back 34

On a fixed interval schedule since timing of reward can be anticipated response falls off after reward and increases as it comes closer again

Front 35

Core differences between classical and operant conditioning

Back 35

Classical - acquisition of involuntary responses

Operant - acquisition of voluntary responses

Front 36

Def: avoidance conditioning

Back 36

Cue is presented prior to an aversive stimulus, signaling an individual to avoid it

A type of negative reenforcement

Front 37

Examples of negative reinforcement

Back 37

Escape conditioning
Avoidance conditioning

Front 38

Operant conditioning account of depression

Back 38

The result of a prolongued extinction schedule; ie the person has little or no access to reenforcement

Front 39

Def: implosive therapy

Back 39

Imaginal exposure to a stimulus at maximum intensity

Incorporates psychodynamic themes