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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are exocrine glands?
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- Retained a connection to the surface (direct or via a duct)
- Secrete onto a surface. |
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What are endocrine ducts?
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- Lost their surface connection and instead secrete into the surrounding connective tissue or blood vessels
- Secrete hormones |
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How can exocrine glands be classified?
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- Serous (watery protein secretion)
- Mucous (viscous secretion of glycoprotein and water) - Seromucous (a mix of serous and mucous) - Sebaceous (lipid secretion) - Other |
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How can exocrine gland structure be classified?
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- Unicellular
- Multicellular |
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What are unicellular glands?
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Mucous-secreting goblet cells
Found in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in respiratory tract |
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How can multicellular glands be classified?
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By structure of duct: As simple (with a single duct, sometimes two ducts or ductless) or as compound (with a branching duct system.
By structure of secretory portions: acinar (alveolar or flask/grape-shaped) or tubular or tubuloalveolar |
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What is parenchyma?
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The epithelial components of glands. Stroma is the supporting connective tissue around the gland.
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Describe the duct draining system in large glands.
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Remember: many cells clustered forms a lobule, several lobules form lobes.
Secretory cells arranged in acini, surrounded by myoepithelial cells. Ducts from acini are called interlobular ducts --> form with others to form interlobar ducts --> join to form intralocar ducts --> drain into lobar ducts --> main duct of gland. Start simple squamous & end stratified cuboidal to columnar epithelium. |
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What are the methods of secretion in exocrine glands?
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- Merocrine
- Holocrine - Apocrine |
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What is merocrine secretion?
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- Exocytosis
- No alteration or damage to cells - Sweat glands, salivary glands & exocrine pancreas |
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What is holocrine secretion?
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- Cells rupture or diet with secretory product within the cytoplasm & released as part of secretion.
- Sebaceous gland of the skin |
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What is apocrine secretion?
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- Cytoplasm pinching off and becoming secretory product
- Mammory glands - NOT apocrine sweat glands |
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What is the appearance of a mucous secreting cell?
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- Flat, peripherally located nucleus
- Pale staining granules in cytoplasm |
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What is the appearance of a serous secreting cell?
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- Round, centrally placed nucleus
- Intensely pink cytoplasm |
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What are the three major salivary glands?
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- Parotid (serous)
- Submandibular (mainly serous) - Sublingual (mainly mucous) |
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What are sebaceous glands?
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- Simple branched acinar
- Ducts frequently empty onto shaft of hair - Holocrine secretion |
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What type of gland is the panaceas?
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Mixed - has exocrine and endocrine secreting cells in different compartments within the gland.
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What is an acinus?
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A group of exocrine cells secreting into a common duct.
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