Epithelium 3 - Glands And Glandular Tissue

Front 1

What are exocrine glands?

Back 1

- Retained a connection to the surface (direct or via a duct)
- Secrete onto a surface.

Front 2

What are endocrine ducts?

Back 2

- Lost their surface connection and instead secrete into the surrounding connective tissue or blood vessels
- Secrete hormones

Front 3

How can exocrine glands be classified?

Back 3

- Serous (watery protein secretion)
- Mucous (viscous secretion of glycoprotein and water)
- Seromucous (a mix of serous and mucous)
- Sebaceous (lipid secretion)
- Other

Front 4

How can exocrine gland structure be classified?

Back 4

- Unicellular
- Multicellular

Front 5

What are unicellular glands?

Back 5

Mucous-secreting goblet cells
Found in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in respiratory tract

Front 6

How can multicellular glands be classified?

Back 6

By structure of duct: As simple (with a single duct, sometimes two ducts or ductless) or as compound (with a branching duct system.
By structure of secretory portions: acinar (alveolar or flask/grape-shaped) or tubular or tubuloalveolar

Front 7

What is parenchyma?

Back 7

The epithelial components of glands. Stroma is the supporting connective tissue around the gland.

Front 8

Describe the duct draining system in large glands.

Back 8

Remember: many cells clustered forms a lobule, several lobules form lobes.

Secretory cells arranged in acini, surrounded by myoepithelial cells. Ducts from acini are called interlobular ducts --> form with others to form interlobar ducts --> join to form intralocar ducts --> drain into lobar ducts --> main duct of gland.

Start simple squamous & end stratified cuboidal to columnar epithelium.

Front 9

What are the methods of secretion in exocrine glands?

Back 9

- Merocrine
- Holocrine
- Apocrine

Front 10

What is merocrine secretion?

Back 10

- Exocytosis
- No alteration or damage to cells
- Sweat glands, salivary glands & exocrine pancreas

Front 11

What is holocrine secretion?

Back 11

- Cells rupture or diet with secretory product within the cytoplasm & released as part of secretion.
- Sebaceous gland of the skin

Front 12

What is apocrine secretion?

Back 12

- Cytoplasm pinching off and becoming secretory product
- Mammory glands
- NOT apocrine sweat glands

Front 13

What is the appearance of a mucous secreting cell?

Back 13

- Flat, peripherally located nucleus
- Pale staining granules in cytoplasm

Front 14

What is the appearance of a serous secreting cell?

Back 14

- Round, centrally placed nucleus
- Intensely pink cytoplasm

Front 15

What are the three major salivary glands?

Back 15

- Parotid (serous)
- Submandibular (mainly serous)
- Sublingual (mainly mucous)

Front 16

What are sebaceous glands?

Back 16

- Simple branched acinar
- Ducts frequently empty onto shaft of hair
- Holocrine secretion

Front 17

What type of gland is the panaceas?

Back 17

Mixed - has exocrine and endocrine secreting cells in different compartments within the gland.

Front 18

What is an acinus?

Back 18

A group of exocrine cells secreting into a common duct.