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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epi |
On, upon, befall |
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Demo |
People, population, man |
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Ology |
Study of |
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Epidemiology |
The study of the distribution and determinant of health related system. In specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems. |
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1. Distribution 2. Determinants 3. Disease frequency |
3 D's of epidemiology |
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a. Distribution b. gender, are, geographic location, socioeconomic status and etc. |
Spread across a population by: |
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a. Determinants b. Behaviour, good, occupation, religion, weather and etc. |
Risk factor or antecedent events E.G.: |
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Disease frequency |
Number of cases in a given time period |
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Hippocrates |
Father of medicine |
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Humorism |
Health occurs as a balance of the 4 humors (blood phlegm yellow bile black bile) |
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Galen |
Miasmic or miasmatic theory |
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Missing or miasmatic theory |
The disease is caused by bad air. |
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a. John Snow b. Associated cholera with water source. c. Refuted the miasmic/ miasmatic theory in 1854 |
Father of epidemiology |
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a. 600 b. Broad Street, London |
a. people died due to cholera in b. |
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Edward Jenner |
Cowpox➡ Vaccinia ➡ Small pox |
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1967 |
Smallpox was eradicated in ___ |
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1. The microorganism must be found all cases of the disease. 2. It must be isolated from the host and grown in pure culture. 3. It must reproduce the original disease when injected into a susceptible host. 4. It must be found in the experimental host so infected. |
Robert Koch's Postulates |
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a. Descriptive b. Analytical c. Experimental |
Types of Epidemiological Studies |
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Descriptive |
✅Distribution of frequencies and pattrtnd of health events with groups in a population. ✅ Generates a hypothesis |
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Analytical |
✅Identify associations between a particular disease and it's etiology. Finding answer as to why and how of health and disease. ✅tests hypothesis |
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Experimental |
Interventions are given |
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a. Demorgraphic Measures b. Morbidity and Mortality c. Incidence and Prevalence d. Rates, Ratios and Proportions |
Descriptive |
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Incidence |
New cases over a period of time. |
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Prevalence |
New and old cases at a specific time |
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Crude |
As a whole |
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Adjusted |
Remove the effect of the differences in compared population |
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Cause and Association |
Analytical |
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✅Cause and effect ✅ uses laboratory animals or humans |
Experimental |
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1. Duration of the study 2. Design of the study |
Types of Analytical Apidemiology |
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✅Cross-Sectional= short ✅Longitudinal= longer |
Duration of the study |
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✅Prospective ✅Retrospective |
Types of Longitudinal study |
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✅ Cohort/Observational ✅ Interventional/Experimental |
Prospective |
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History of Disease |
Trends and prediction Planning for health service and public health |
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Community Diagnosis |
Disease, conditions, injuries, disorders, disabilities, defect, causing illness, health problems or death. |
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Risks of an individual |
Risk factors, problems and behaviour |
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Assessment, Evaluation and Research |
Public health services problems and needs Effectivitiy, efficiency, quality, quantity, accessibility, availability of services Treat, control or prevent disease, injury and disability |
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Completion of the Clinical Picture |
Diagnostic procedure (detection) Cause-effect relationships |
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Identification of syndromes |
Help to establish and set criteria to define syndromes |
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Caused and Sources of Disease |
Control, prevention and elimination of the causes of disease, conditions, injury, disability or death. |
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Case Series Case-control Cohort |
Design of the study |
