Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Notochord
|
The dense tissue in the spine
|
|
|
Conodonts
|
V-Muscle Blocks
Found in the Granton Shrimp Bed Soom Shale Have teeth made out of CaPO4 |
|
|
Agnathans
|
Jawless fish
Lamprey, Hagfish, Osteostracans, Heterostracans |
|
|
Osteostracans
|
Agnathans
|
|
|
Heterostracans
|
Agnathans
|
|
|
Ostracoderms
|
Minerlized plates made of Phosphate (CaPO4)
|
|
|
Advantages of having internal skeleton
|
Can support the internal organs, don't need to go through molting (trilobites needed to go through ecdysis)
|
|
|
Gnathosomes
|
The fish with Jaws
Three different categories: Acanthodians, Placoderms, Condricthyes |
|
|
Why did jaws develop?
|
To effectively push the water over the gill arches
|
|
|
Acanthodians
|
Undre the Gnathosomes (jawed fish)
|
|
|
Placoderms
|
The Top dogs in the devonian.
Part of the Gnathosomes |
|
|
Condricthyes
|
The cartilagenous fish, sharks
Under the Gnathosomes |
|
|
Bony Fish
|
Three types: The ray fins (fast swimmers, currently dominate the oceans), lobe fins (contain the coelocanth), Rhipidistians (ancestral to all terrestrial vertebrates)
|
|
|
Ray fins
|
Currently dominate the oceans,
fast swimmers bony fish |
|
|
Lobe fins
|
Coelocanth, part of the bony fish, Coelocanth is a fossil living species
|
|
|
Rhipidistians
|
Ancestral to all terrestrial vertebrates
Part of the bony fish Moved towards land |
|
|
Why the rhipidistians?
|
-Outcompeted by the other fish in the sea (placoderms and the ray fins)
-Had both the upper and lower jaws that could move -had fin beats similar to the tetrapods today -Strong ventral fins -Eutrophic lake condition lead to the rhipidistians devloping nostrils to stay in the thin zone at the top containing Oxygen |
|
|
Why become an amphibian and a tetrapod on land?
|
Pool hopping?
seeking quiet and safe environment for reproduction? Basking in the sun to speed up metabolism and digestion for faster growth and maturing faster? (need strong limbs that could support the weight of the thorax and internal organs may collapse) BEST: they needed to get around the swampy environment and developed strong fins for that |
|
|
Old Red Sandstone Continent
|
Very well preserved specimens such as the Placoderms and the Ostracoderms and the acanthodians, rhipidistians...
Very deep, contains many layers of fossilized specimens Northern Europe and Canada at the equator at this time |
|
|
Eusthenopteron
|
invaded the land (the rhipidistian)
|
|
|
Elginerpeton
|
The first true amphibian, true tetrapod
|
|
|
Tulerpeton
|
An acanthosaur (lizard like amphibian)
Strong muscle insertions on bones indicate it had strong shoulders and chest, could support the weight |
|
|
Acanthosaur
|
Lizard like reptiles
|
|
|
Polydactylous
|
More than five fingers
The first tetrapods all have more than five fingers |
|
|
Lizzie, Westlothiana
|
The first reptile
|
|
|
anapsid
|
No hole, primitive reptiles, small insect eaters
|
|
|
Synapsids
|
The Pelycosaurs
Therapsids (Gorgonopsians, cynodonts, dicynodonts) |
|
|
Pelycosaurs
|
Under Synapsids
|
|
|
Therapsids
|
Under Synapsids
|
|
|
Gorgonopsians
|
The large carnivores
|
|
|
Dicynodonts
|
First herbivorous land vertebrates
Probably ranging from rat-cow size Part of the Synapsids |
|
|
Cynodonts
|
Most closely resembles mammals, Dvinia,
Due to their whiskers and hair Part of the Synapsids |
|
|
Diapsids
|
Two holes, gave rise to the dinosaurs
In the Triassic Archeosaurs (Thecodonts, Pterosauria, Dinosauria, Crocodylia) |
|
|
Archeosaurs
|
Thecodonts, Pterosauria, Dinosauria, Crocodylia
|
|
|
Dinosaurs features:
|
Not a sprawling gate, their posture is different.
They have a hinged limb, Advanced Mesotarsal |
|
|
Advanced Mesotarsal
|
Hinged limb for rapid movement unlike the stable but slow crocodile limbs
|
|
|
Euparkeria
|
Not a dinosaur, but an archeosaur
|
