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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Citizen
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A member of a community that owes loyalty to the government and is entitled to its protection. Enjoys rights, responsibilities and obligations.
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Natural born citizen
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Born within 50 states; U.S. territory; U.S. military base
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Naturalized citizen
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Must be 18, live in U.S. for 5 years, must pass citizenship test, oath to uphold Constitution
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Law of blood
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A person's nationality at birth is the same as that of his natural parents
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Law of soil
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A person's nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth
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Suffrage
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Right to vote
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U.S. citizens responsibilities
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Vote, volunteer, attend civic meetings
(Things we Should do) |
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U.S. citizens obligations (duties)
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Pay taxes, obey laws(ordinances), serve on jury, defend the nation (selective service)
(Things we Must do) |
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Selective Service
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Men ages 18-25 must register
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Popular sovereignty
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Government receives the power from its people
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Representative democracy
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Government in which citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf. (United States)
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Republic
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A representative democracy in which citizens choose their lawmakers. (United States)
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Absolute Monarchy
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Form of government in which the leader is an all-powerful king.
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Autocratic
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A single individual run government. Autocrats often come to power through control of the military.
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Constitutional monarchy
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Form of democracy because the government has a constitution which allows citizens’ rights and responsibilities. Power of the queen is extremely limited and Parliament runs the government.
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Parliamentary
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Lawmaking body of government (similar to Congress)
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Oligarchic
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A small group of elites runs the state.
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Socialism
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System in which government owns some factors of production and distributes the products and wages.
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Communism
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Dictatorship of one party. Government owns all. No private ownership of property
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Federalism
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Power is divided between states & national government. (United States)
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Unitary System
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Government with centralized power
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Magna Carta
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Established Limited government.
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Mayflower Compact
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Purpose was to establish a government with rules
(Self- Gov't in the New World) |
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English Bill of Rights
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Ended the struggle between the Nobles(Parliament) and the King
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Enlightenment
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Time period with great thinkers whose ideas shaped the Declaration of Independence and influenced the founding fathers
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John Locke
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Enlightenment thinker who believed that governments should serve the people. his ideas of natural rights and social contract influenced Thomas Jefferson and the D.O.I.
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Montesquieu’s
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Ideas about power in government are referred to as the separation of power.
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Tea Act of 1773
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Required colonists to buy tea only from the British East India Company
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Quartering Act
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Required colonists to provide housing for British soldiers
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First Continental Congress
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Sent a letter to King George asking him to respect the colonists’ rights as British citizens. Organized a boycott of British goods and banned trade with Britain.
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Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
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The 1776 publication moved colonists to declare independence from England.
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Second Continental Congress
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Fighting between colonist and British had begun. Approved the Declaration of Independence
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Tyranny
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Cruel government.
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Declaration of Independence
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Document declaring colonies independence from King and England. Free from the tyranny of the King.
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Grievances
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Listed in Declaration of Independence to prove colonists had good reason to rebel. Taxation without representation, no trial, quartering troops.
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Articles of Confederation
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First constitution. Government created was too weak. Could not tax. No executive branch. No power to regulate trade. No national court system. Changes required consent of all states
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Shay’s Rebellion
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Event that exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
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Constitution Convention
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Delegates met in Philadelphia to fix Articles. Decided to start new Constitution with stronger national government
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Federalist Papers
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These writings helped persuade some states to ratify the United States Constitution.
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Anti-Federalists
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Against Constitution until Bill of Rights added. Wanted fundamental citizen rights
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U.S. Constitution
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Written plan of government. Supreme Law of the Land (supremacy clause)
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Rule of Law
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All citizens must obey Constitution as supreme law of the land
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Preamble
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First paragraph of the Constitution listing the six goals of the government
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Elastic Clause
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Allows flexibility to Constitution/ allows Congress to stretch the its power
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Checks and balances
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System in which each branch of government is able to check the power of the others. Each branch of government can restrain the other branches
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Examples of Checks and Balances
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President veto bills. Congress can override veto. Judicial Branch nullify laws. Senate must confirm Presidential nominations. Senate accepts or refuse Presidential made treaties. Congress can impeach President.
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Electoral College
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Group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
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Separation of Powers
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Powers of national government are divided among branches of government
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Legislative Branch
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Article I
Makes the laws Congress: Bicameral =2 Houses |
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Representation for each house is based on....
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HOR- Population of the state
Senate- 2 per state/ equal |
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House of Representatives
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Members: 435
Requirements: 25 yrs. old and 7 yr. U.S. citizen Term- 2 yrs. |
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Leader of the House of Representatives
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Speaker of the House
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Specific Functions of the House of Representatives
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Originate “money bills”
Impeach officials / judges |
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Senate
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Members: 100
Requirements: 30 yrs. old and 9 yr. U.S. citizen Term- 6 yrs. |
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Leader of the Senate
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President Pro Tempore when the Vice-President is not in attendance. V.P. may break tie votes.
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Specific Functions of the Senate
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Approve treaties
Approve presidential appointments Trial of impeached officials / judges |
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Executive Branch
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Article II
Enforces the law President/ VP/ Cabinet |
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Requirements for President
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Must be 35 yrs. Old. Native born citizen. Resident of U.S. for 14 yrs.
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Describe these Presidential Roles:
Commander-in-Chief- Chief Diplomat- Head of State- |
Head of military
Directs foreign policy Represents U.S. to other leaders |
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Describe these Presidential Roles:
Legislative Leader Economic Leader Chief Executive Party Leader |
Proposes laws for Congress to consider
Propose budget, etc. Head of executive/agencies Leader of his political party |
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Cabinet =
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Heads of the executive Depts... Advise the president
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Dept. of Homeland Security
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Coordinate defense against terrorist acts
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Dept. of Interior
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Manages public lands and resources
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Dept. of State
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Carries out foreign policy
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Dept. of Justice
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Law enforcement
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Judicial Branch
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Article III
Interpret the law Supreme Court/Appellate Courts/District Courts |
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Judicial Branch:
Requirement- Term- |
Appointed by Pres. and approved by Senate
Life |
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Supreme Court
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Highest Court
Nine justices. Have power of judicial review. |
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Appellate Courts Organization
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12 geographic circuit courts and 1 federal circuit court for special cases
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Appellate Courts
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Hears appeals. Reviews the fairness of cases from lower courts. No original jurisdiction
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District Courts
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94 district courts
Original jurisdiction in most cases. Hears evidence. Gives verdict. |
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1st Amendment
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Freedoms of religion, speech, press; right to assemble and petition government
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2nd Amendment
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Right to bear arms
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3rd Amendment
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No quartering of soldiers in homes during peacetime
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4th Amendment
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No unreasonable searches or seizures; “right to privacy”
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5th Amendment
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Due Process/ No double jeopardy / right to not testify against oneself
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6th Amendment
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Right to fair & speedy trial / right to counsel ( lawyer )
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7th Amendment
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Right to jury trial in civil cases involving $20 or more
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8th Amendment
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No cruel and unusual punishment or excessive bail
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9th Amendment
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People not limited to rights stated in the Bill of Rights
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10th Amendment
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Powers not given to national government are reserved to the States and People
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13th Amendment
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Abolished slavery
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14th Amendment
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Establishes citizenship; provides equal protection to all citizens
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15th Amendment
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Suffrage regardless of race
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19th Amendment
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Suffrage for women
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24th Amendment
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Prohibits poll tax (was a tax on voting to prevent minorities to vote)
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26th Amendment
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Lowered voting age to 18. (Vietnam War)
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Marbury v. Madison
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Established judicial review for the Supreme Court. Can override and nullify other laws
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Dred Scott v. Sanford
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Protected constitutional right to own slaves by overturning compromises on slavery in the territories
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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Allowed segregation (separation) of the races. “Separate but equal”
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Brown v. Board of Education
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Stated segregation no longer allowed. “Segregation is inherently unequal”
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Tinker v. Des Moines
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Upheld right of students to wear black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War as freedom of speech
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Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
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Allowed school administration to censor content of student newspaper
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Gideon v. Wainwright
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Right to legal counsel even if cannot afford one
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Miranda v. Arizona
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Suspects must be informed of their rights at time of arrest
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United States v. Nixon
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Rule of Law applies to all, even Presidents
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In re Gault
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Extended due process rights to juveniles
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Political parties
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U.S. has a two party system. Disagree on role and responsibilities of government.
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Interest groups
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Group of people who share a point of view and want to promote the issue. Influence political parties
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Lobbyists
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Represent interest groups and contact lawmakers hoping to influence their policy making.
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Democrat
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Prefer more government involvement, liberal. Pay for education
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Republican
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Prefer less government regulation, conservative. Reduce taxes for businesses
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Party platform
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Series of series of statements describing the party’s core beliefs and its positions on various issues.
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Political ads
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Not always trustworthy since they are designed to convince you to vote for a candidate and may not show all sides on an issue
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Third parties
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Often bring attention to social issues but lack money
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Watchdog
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Media organization that exposes illegal practices or waste. The opposing party makes sure the party in office does not abuse its power.
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Propaganda
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Media that uses carefully-crafted messages to manipulate people’s actions.
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Bias
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One sided messages
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Card Stacking
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Uses facts and figures to show one side as positive and the other side as negative.
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Transfer
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Uses your feelings about one thing to get you to feel the same way about something else
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Plain Folks
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Sends the message that a product or person is just like you
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Glittering Generalities
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Always shows something in a positive light but gives little or no information
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Transfer
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Uses your feelings about one thing to get you to feel the same way about something else
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Card Stacking
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Uses facts and figures to show one side as positive and the other side as negative.
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Bandwagon
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Describes people going along with the rest of the crowd
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Constitutional law
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Covers interpretations of the powers of the federal government, disputes between the branches of government, disputes between the federal government and states, and the scope of the rights protected by Constitutional amendments.
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Criminal law
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Law designed to punish those who commit crimes. In criminal cases, the government prosecutes the accused.
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Civil law
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Law designed to resolve disputes between private parties and compensate victims.
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Military law
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Law that covers crimes committed by members of the armed forces.
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National Power: Enumerated powers (expressed)
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Powers directly given to the national government
Coin money/Declare war/maintain military |
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Concurrent powers
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Powers shared by both national and states
Collect taxes/establish courts/enforce laws/ borrow money |
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State Power: Reserved powers
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Powers reserved to the states
Conduct elections/marriage laws/vaccines/establishes public schools |
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Most common Steps for Amending the U.S. Constitution
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Step 1: Amendment proposed by
A 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress Step 2: Amendment ratified by (accepted) 3/4 of the 50 state legislatures |
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Similarities between the US and FL Constitution
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Both guarantee individual freedoms
Both have three branches of government Both have bi-cameral Congress |
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US Constitution
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7 articles BOR added as first 10 amendments
Is a Broad framework of government Establishes state government Does NOT establish public education |
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FL Constitution
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12 articles: Begins with declaration of rights
Contains many specific provisions, Establishes local governments:towns, cities,counties Establishes public education Requires a review every 20 years |
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Foreign Policy
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Overall plan for dealing with other nations. Goals of foreign policy: national security, build trade, promote world peace and advance democracy around the world.
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World Trade Organization (WTO)
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Addresses issues of trade
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United Nations (UN)
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Works to keep peace among nations. They support social progress; fight poverty; protect human rights
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NAFTA
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North American Free Trade Association: removed most trade barriers between United States, Canada and Mexico
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Peace Corps
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Created as President Kennedy challenged students to make a difference in the world
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World Health Organization (WHO)
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Works to improve health for all people; ended smallpox and river blindness
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United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
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Works to improve the lives of children around the world
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International Red Cross
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Gives aid to people who are victims of war or natural disasters
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What are the 3 forms of Local Government (Provides fire protection, trash collection,.......)
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Mayor – Council Form
Council – Manager Form Commission Form |
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Mayor – Council Form
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Mayor – executive-
Strong-Has veto power. Appoints many officials Weak- Council has most powers Council - legislative- Passes ordinances – city laws |
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Council – Manager Form
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Council appoints a professional to manage city departments
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Commission Form
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Elected as heads of city departments and choose one of their members to be mayor
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How A Bill Becomes A Law
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Bill Proposed- Only Congressman may propose a law
Committee Action- may recommend passage or kill it Floor Action- House and Senate debate the bill--problems send it to a conference committee Conference Action-Compromise bill sent for revote in both houses then sent to President for signature or veto |
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conference committee
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Members of both houses that work together to pass bills
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