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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an enzyme |
A protein molecule at the tertiary level, organic catalyst |
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How are enzymes produced |
By the cell in protein synthesis |
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What happens when the enzyme is no longer needed |
It is destroyed by denaturation (chemical bonds are broken to change shape) |
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What is the job of an enzyme |
To lower the activation energy in a reaction so less energy is needed and the reaction is speeded up |
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What is the active site |
Where substrates attach to the enzyme |
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What happens when a substrate attaches to an enzyme |
A bond is either made or broken on the substrate to produce a product |
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What is the lock and key theory |
Only one substrate can fit into an enzymes active site and cause a chemical reaction |
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Induced fit model |
Once the correct substrate is in the active site, the enzyme shifts slightly to lock-in the substrate. |
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Why do chemical reactions in the body require enzymes |
All chemical reactions have to occur quickly to sustain life |
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Enzyme attaching to a substrate and vice versa |
Each enzyme will only react with one particular subtrate but one substrate may react with more than one enzyme, which will produce a different product |
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metabolic pathways |
Used when the substrate needed for a chemical reaction is not available -creates the needed reactant through multiple reactions |
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At what temperature is enzyme productivity the highest |
40°C because enzymes are moving as fast as they can without being denatured |
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Rate of reaction with substrate concentration |
Increased substrates = productivity ↑ Levels off when all enzymes are involved (saturation point) Increased again when more enzymes are added |
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Enzyme concentration on rate of reaction |
If there is set amount of substrate and you keep adding enzymes, rate continues to increase until use up set amount of substrate. Reaction stops |
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Effect of heavy metals |
(mercury, cadmium, lead) can denature enzymes |
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What is a coenzyme |
-Non-protein organic molecule -used in some chemical reactions -helper molecule during a reaction |
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How do coenzymes work |
- attach to the enzyme (active site) - physically carries in an atom needed to be bonded to the substrate, or takes away an atom that was removed for the substrate. |
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What are competitive inhibitors |
A molecule not naturally in the body, that competes with the natural substrate for the same active site |
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2 kinds of competitive inhibitors |
Irreversible- permanently blocks the enzyme, there is no chem reaction (worse) Reversible- temporarily blocks the enzyme as inhibitor undergoes chemical change. Product made usually bad. |
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Non-competitive inhibitors |
-Naturally occurring - inhibitor attaches not too the active site and causes enzyme to denature -self-regulatory mechanism to shut down metabolic pathways in the body (allosteric interaction) |
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How are each enzymes different |
Different physical structure from tertiary level R-group bonding |
