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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define Enzyme |
Proteins that speed up a reaction without being used up in the reaction |
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Define substrate |
The substance with which an enzyme reacts |
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Define product |
The substance the enzyme forms |
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Define denatured enzyme |
An enzyme that lost its sgape due to extreme ph or temperature |
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Define immobilised enzyme |
Enzymes that are attached or fixed, to each other or an inert material |
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Define bio processing |
is the use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product |
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Define bioreactor |
Is a vessel or container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product. |
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What temperature do human enzymes work best at |
37oC |
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Define catalyst |
A substance that speeds up a reaction without itself being used up in the reaction |
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Define selectively permeable |
Allows some but not all molecules to pass through. |
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Define Diffusion |
The spreading out of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. |
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Define Osmosis |
The movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration |
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Define micro organisms |
Small living things |
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Define cell membrane |
Bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane, outside of which in a strong cell wall |
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Function of cell wall |
To prevent the bacteria from swelling with water and bursting when they are in solutions less concentrated than their cytoplasm |
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Define Capsule |
Outside the cell wall there may be further protection in the form of a semi-solid capsule or a more liquid slime layer |
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Define Bacteria Chromosome |
Bacteria have one bacterial chromosome consisting of a circular strand of DNA with out a surrounding membrane |
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Define Plasmid |
A small loop of DNA in bacteria that allows antibiotic resistance |
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Define cytoplasm |
Material surrounding the cytoplasm it contains ribosomes and food granules but no mitochondria |
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Function of Flagella |
Allows movement |
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Define pathogenic bacteria |
Bacteria that cause diesease |
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Overuse of antibiotics |
When antibiotics are used to often when they aren't needed bacteria become resistant to it |
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Stages of virus replication |
Attachment, Entry, Synthesis, Assembly, Release |
Anny, Eats, Smelly, Australian, Rashers |
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Describe the first stage of virus replication |
The virus attaches to host cell. Proteins on the virus match up with the receptors on the host |
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Describe the second stage of virus replication |
The virus forms a hole in the host and injects the viral nucleic acid |
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Describe the third stage of virus replication |
The hosts DNA is made inactive, the host organelles are now used to produce new viral nucleic acid and proteins |
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Describe the fourth stage of virus replication |
New viruses are made inside the host cell using the viral molecules bc that have been produced |
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Describe the fifth stage of virus replication |
The host cell bursts and 100 to 100,000 new viruses called lysis are released |
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Adaptions of root hairs for absorption |
Thin walls Not covered by cuticle Very numerous, large surface area |
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