Envs 2202 Midterm Summer 2016

Front 1

As a ball thrown straight up in the air gains altitude, the potential energy _______ and the kinetic energy ______.

Back 1

Increases, decreases

Front 2

Burning fossil fuels ______.

Back 2

adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

Front 3

The FIRST law of thermodynamics deals with ______.

Back 3

Conservation of energy

Front 4

A ______ is a combination of two or more pure substances.

Back 4

mixture

Front 5

The SECOND law of thermodynamics deals with ______.

Back 5

Entropy (or disorder)

Front 6

The symbol for the element sulfur is _____?

Back 6

S

Front 7

There are ______ known elements.

Back 7

118

Front 8

Which of the following is a compound?

Back 8

Glucose

Front 9

Which of the following is an element?

Back 9

Oxygen

Front 10

Which of the following is not one of the six key elements in living systems?

Back 10

Silicon

Front 11

Cellular respiration converts carbon atoms in ____ to ____.

Back 11

Sugar, carbon dioxide

Front 12

Organisms in which trophic level carry out cellular respiration?

Back 12

First, second, third, and decomposers (all)

Front 13

Organisms in which trophic level carry out photosynthesis?

Back 13

First

Front 14

Photosynthesis converts carbon atoms in ____ to ____.

Back 14

carbon dioxide, sugar

Front 15

Producers are located in which trophic level(s)?

Back 15

First

Front 16

What percentage of the energy "taken in" by an organism in a natural ecosystem is usually converted to new biomass?

Back 16

10%

Front 17

Which of the following best characterizes the changes in our relationship to the earth as a result of the industrial revolution?

Back 17

increased used of energy and natural resources

Front 18

Which of the following is defined as "a community of organisms and its local nonliving environment in which matter cycles and energy flows"?

Back 18

Ecosystem

Front 19

Which of the following is not an abiotic component of a forest ecosystem?

Back 19

Fungus

Front 20

Which of the following is NOT correctly matched?

Back 20

Mushroom - detritus

Front 21

The competitive exclusion principle states that no two organisms can have identical

Back 21

Ecological niches

Front 22

Early work demonstrated that ____ played a keystone role in preventing ____ by being overgrazed by ____.

Back 22

sea otters; kelp (a type of algae); sea urchins

Front 23

Increased resistance in bacteria after repeated exposure to antibiotics is due to ______.

Back 23

Natural selection

Front 24

an interaction between species in which both species benefit from the interaction is classified as

Back 24

Mutualism

Front 25

Populations growing with little regulation or in unpredictable environments tend to grow in what pattern?

Back 25

J-curve

Front 26

Populations in equilibrium tend to grow in a ______ pattern.

Back 26

S-curve

Front 27

"Survival of the Fittest" is often used to summarize Darwin's views on natural selection. Darwin's concept of fittest refers to an organism's ______.

Back 27

Ability to survive and reproduce

Front 28

When the number of births and deaths are approximately equal, a population is likely

Back 28

at or near the carrying capacity

Front 29

Which of the following factors would not be a part of an oak tree's abiotic range of tolerance

Back 29

the fungus growing on its roots in the soil in which it is rooted

Front 30

Which of the following would most likely increase competition between members of a population?

Back 30

An increase in population density

Front 31

The agricultural revolution, in which humans began cultivating crops, began approximately ______ years ago.

Back 31

10,000

Front 32

Compared to a modern developed country, our primitive human ancestors had

Back 32

Higher birth rates and higher death rates

Front 33

A hypothetical country had 8,000 births and 9,000 deaths in 1999. the population size of the country in that year was 100,000 individuals. What was its growth rate in

Back 33

-1%

Front 34

If there is ______, population growth rates will increase

Back 34

increased immigration

Front 35

Improvements in which of the following lead to rapid population increases in industrializing countries?

Back 35

farming practices, medicine and antibiotics, and public sanitation and sewage treatment (all)

Front 36

It took a hypothetical population 10 years to double in size. what was their average growth rate during that period?

Back 36

7%

Front 37

Total fertility rate refers to:

Back 37

the average number of children being born per women in her lifetime

Front 38

What is replacement level fertility?

Back 38

the average fertility rate that just replaces the parents

Front 39

Which of the following statements concerning immigration is false?

Back 39

most other developed nations admit the same number of immigrants as the U.S.

Front 40

The world population is currently about ______ billion

Back 40

7

Front 41

A country with a large population and a small gross national product (GNP) would likely be a ______.

Back 41

Developing Country

Front 42

A country with ________ is not expected to grow quickly in the near future.

Back 42

high female literacy and access to contraceptives

Front 43

Developing countries contain ____ of the human population, hold ____ of the world's wealth, and generate ____ of the world's pollution

Back 43

most, little, little

Front 44

A human population pyramid shows the ______.

Back 44

numbers of people in each age group

Front 45

In which phase of the demographic transition does a society's population stabilize after a period of rapid growth?

Back 45

Phase III

Front 46

Old age support in developing countries is ______.

Back 46

Usually provided by adult children

Front 47

The overwhelming bulk of the increase in the human population over the next 100 years is predicted to occur in

Back 47

developing countries

Front 48

Population stabilization will occur when the average global total fertility rate is equal to the

Back 48

replacement level fertility rate

Front 49

Which of the following CONTINENTS has the highest population?

Back 49

asia

Front 50

Based on this population pyramid, what type of population change wold you predict for this century?

Back 50

decrease

Front 51

The element most abundant (as a percentage by mass) in fossil fuels is

Back 51

Carbon

Front 52

The fission of the nuclei of this element is commonly employed in the generation of nuclear power

Back 52

Uranium

Front 53

Fossil fuels were produced over millions of years from

Back 53

slow decay of organic matter

Front 54

In which region of the world are the largest known oil reserves located

Back 54

the middle east

Front 55

The steam engine was used extensively as a source of energy in

Back 55

nineteenth century

Front 56

What is the chemical composition of natural gas

Back 56

methane

Front 57

Which of the following causes the most amount of pollution?

Back 57

coal

Front 58

Which of the following is correct about the united states?

Back 58

while it produces crude oil, it must also import crude oil to meet the high demands

Front 59

Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel

Back 59

Geothermal energy

Front 60

Which of the following sites in the former soviet union is associated with a major nuclear accident?

Back 60

Chernobyl