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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Environmental science is a |
Systematic approach learning about the environment |
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Most environmental problems result from |
Complex, interrelated problems. |
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In explaining your choice of an environmental science major in college to your roommate, you would probably emphasize the fact that environmental science is a(n) |
applied interdisciplinary field concerning the environment with an emphasis on solving problems. |
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A group of concerned citizens are collecting water samples from a local river to detect the level of nitrogen in the water. They plan to take samples every day for a month and then will divide the sum by the number of days they sampled. What is the group trying to do? |
Both determine the mean level of nitrogen in the water and determine the average level of nitrogen in the water. |
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Which of the following is not an example for how statistics are used? |
Determining the context of how data was gathered. |
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Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring differed from earlier North American conservation perspectives by |
Placing more emphasis on pollution problems |
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At the end of the 20th century _______ has been added to environmental thinking |
Global concerns |
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Evidence of progress in dealing with increasing population problems is best illustrated by |
An decrease in the average number of children born to each woman. |
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Poverty is passed on from one generation to the next primarily through |
The lack of available opportunities. |
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Proponents of sustainable development argue that |
development can proceed with minimal costs to the environment. |
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What is the probability of getting tails 4 times in a row when you flip a coin? |
1 in 16 |
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Compared to poorer countries, which of the following is not true of richer nations? |
They have higher fertility. |
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Parsimony is one of the basic principles of science |
True |
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What would be considered to be an area in environmental science where we are seeing progress toward sustainability? |
Renewable energy |
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The concept that a resource that is degraded by the increasing populations that utilize the resource without any regulation of that resource is referred to as |
The tragedy of the commons. |
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The relationship among atoms, elements, and compounds is most like the relationship among which of the following groupings |
Grains of sugar, sugar, and sweetened iced tea. |
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Which of the following is not a molecule? |
C |
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Energy is the ability to |
Both move objects and transfer heat from one object to another are true. |
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Potential energy is _____ energy |
Stored |
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Metabolism can be seen as the process of converting |
Potential energy into kinetic energy. |
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The first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter are similar in that |
under normal circumstances neither energy nor matter is created nor destroyed. |
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What implication(s) does the second law of thermodynamics have for biological systems? |
A constant supply of energy is necessary for maintenance of biological systems. |
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Photosynthesis is the process of converting __________ into __________ energy. |
Solar energy; chemical bond. |
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The process of cellular respiration |
releases energy from chemical bonds of molecules such as glucose. |
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Producers rely on the process of ____________ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on the process of ____________ to release chemical energy. |
Cellular respiration; cellular respiration |
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____ are characteristics of an entire system that are greater than the sum of its parts. |
Emergent properties |
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How do the organisms living around Yellowstone's hot springs get energy? |
From chemosynthesis |
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Nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids and proteins. |
True |
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Water expands when it crystallizes and freezes |
True |
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If you were to remove the top predator in a food web or food chain |
the producer population will be depleted because there are more primary consumers or herbivores. |
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There is/are usually _______ tolerance limit(s) responsible for limiting the number and location of a species. However, some organisms have ____________ that limit(s) their distribution. |
Many; a specific critical factor. |
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What would you label the range of temperature from 90F to 94F for this particular species? |
Zone of psychological stress. |
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What is the difference in the adaptation of a sled dog's (such as a Husky) thick coat of hair to help it withstand the cold temperatures of Arctic winters and a dog that adapts to cold temperatures in the fall by growing a thickened coat? The adaptation of the sled dog best describes adaptation at the ____________ level while the dog exposed to seasonal colder temperatures has _____________. |
Population; psychological modifications at the population level. |
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Evolution occurs as a result of |
better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic. |
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An especially effective strategy for reducing intraspecific competition is |
Different ecological niches for juveniles and adults. |
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Symbiosis means |
Living together |
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An organism's biotic potential is the maximum number of offspring |
That it can produce. |
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A dieback, or population crash, often occurs after a species ________ its environmental carrying capacity. |
Overshoots |
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In the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population. Yet, a SUPERFLY with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth? |
J-shaped curve |
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A biological community's productivity is a measure of |
The amount of biomass produced in the community. |
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Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of |
Species at each trophic level. |
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A community with hundreds of different types of primary producers, a few herbivores, and only one carnivore, has |
Little complexity. |
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Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________. |
On unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another. |
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Two unpalatable or dangerous species which have warning patterns or colors and appear similar are an example of _________________. |
Mullerian mimicry |
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Which of the following is not generally true of k-selected species compared to r-selected species? |
They have shorter generation times. |
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Generally speaking wealthy, developed nations have a smaller human ecological footprint than poorer, less developed nations. |
False |
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A population growing at 1% per year should double in about ___ years. |
70 |
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In the formula I=PAT, which of the following would be representative of the 'A'? |
Driving an SUV. |
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Which country listed below would you expect to have the highest ecological footprint? |
USA |
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The concept that describes the amount of land required to produce the goods and services that are required for an individual to live his or her particular lifestyle is the |
Ecological footprint concept. |
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A population would have zero population growth if |
births + immigration = deaths + emmigration. |
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The annual percentage rate of this population is... |
2.0% |
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Technological optimists argue that technological advances have... |
proven Malthus wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster. |
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Malthus and Marx |
disagreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval. |
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The demographic transition refers to a country's change from... |
high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. |
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Many demographers believe that birth rates generally decrease as the level of development increases because |
women tend to have more influence in family planning. |
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Which of the following demographic categories best identifies Country "A"? |
Developed |
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The graph indicates that there is... |
a strong relationship between infant mortality and education for women. |
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Which of the following is a mechanical barrier to conception? |
Condoms |
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One of the _________ effective ways to stabilize populations is to _________. |
Most; decrease child mortality. |