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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Water cycles through...
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hydrosphere
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Life depends on this
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water
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We live longer due to this
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clean water
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Is water renewable or nonrenewable?
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Renewable
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How much of the Earth's surface is covered by water?
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70%
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How much of Earth's water is saltwater?
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97%
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How much of Earth's water is freshwater?
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3%
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How much of the Earth's freshwater is held in polar icecaps?
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77%
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How much water is used for irrigation?
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34%
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How much water is used for thermoelectric power?
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48%
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How much water is used for public supply?
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11%
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How much water is used for industrial use?
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5%
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How much water is used for domestic use, livestock, aquaculture, and mining?
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less than 3%
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Most large cities are located near and use surface water for their fresh water supplies and travel. What are they called?
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Estuaries
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Surface water is part of this
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The water cycle
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Surface water fell to earth as this
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precipitation. Rivers form as a result
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The entire area of land drained by a river.
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Watershed
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In USA, one of the largest fresh water bodies
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Colorado River
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Dam collect artificial water in this
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Reservoir
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an artificial lake to be used for drinking, irrigation, manufacturing, energy, drought, flood control.
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Reservoir
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Dams destroy these
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Existing communities
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How much of the world relies on water that originates in another country?
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40%
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contained in saturated soil and rock below the surface of the ground
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Ground water
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large areas of water in underground rock formations
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Aquifers
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level at which the ground is saturated.
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Water table
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Aquifer consists of this
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rocks, sand, gravel, caves
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With aquifers, spaces in between particles accumulate this
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water
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The area of land that drains into an aquifer
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The recharge zone
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Aquifers supply water to...
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cities, farms, and ranches not located near surface water
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Water is pumped to...
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the surface
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Residential water use
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80 gallons a day
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Potable
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Safe to drink
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First filtration
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Removes large organisms and trash
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Coagulation
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Globs are formed, bacteria clings, and then they sink
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Second filtration/sedimentation
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Sand, gravel, hard coal filter
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Disinfection
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Chlorine is added to prevent bacteria growth
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Aeration
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Air is forced through water and releases gas. It reduces odor and improves taste
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Additional treatment for filtration
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Fluoride and sodium
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Industrial water use
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Manufacturing goods and cooling power plants.
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Agriculutral water use
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80 gallons of water to get one ear of corn. Evaporation problem.
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The amount of fresh water available is...
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limited
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To solve the 'big' problem we need to...
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practice conservation, reduce pollution, and develop new sources.
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Desalinization
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desalting sea water.
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Distillation
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Reverse osmosis
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In less developed countries this is a big problem
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Freshwater Pollution
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Causes of water pollution
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Industiralization, human population explosion
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Point pollution
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Pollution discharged from a single source
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Nonpoint Pollution
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Comes from many sources
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Pollution flows from storm sewers to these
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waterways
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Pollution is extremely difficult to
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control
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True or false: industrial waters are different from residential use?
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True
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Sludge
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solid product of waste treatment, when dangerous toxic chemicals present are considered hazardous waste
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Sludge can be used as this if its clean
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fertilizer
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Pathogens
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Disease-causing organisms
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Fecal cloriform test
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Indicates the presence of E. Coli
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Artificial Eutrophication
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Lakes and rivers become eutrophic when they contain an abundance of nutrients
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Thermal pollution
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Excessive amount of heat added to the water
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Groundwater Pollution
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Pollutants seep into groundwater
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How much ocean pollution comes from human activites on land?
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85+%
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Essential Oil
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Can only be used after distillation. Makeup and cleaning products
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Mineral Oil
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Found underground. Kerosene, gasoline, and diesel. Do not have an organic origin and arrive from underground geological locations.
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Organic Oil
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Originate through plants and animals
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Pathogens
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Disease-causing organisms
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Synthetic Oil
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Consist of chemical compounds
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Fecal cloriform test
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Indicates the presence of E. Coli
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Artificial Eutrophication
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Lakes and rivers become eutrophic when they contain an abundance of nutrients
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Thermal pollution
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Excessive amount of heat added to the water
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Groundwater Pollution
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Pollutants seep into groundwater
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How much ocean pollution comes from human activites on land?
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85+%
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Essential Oil
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Can only be used after distillation. Makeup and cleaning products
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Mineral Oil
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Found underground. Kerosene, gasoline, and diesel. Do not have an organic origin and arrive from underground geological locations.
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Organic Oil
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Originate through plants and animals
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Synthetic Oil
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Consist of chemical compounds
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Sources of oil pollution
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Sea and land based, poor waste management, and boating accidents
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Bioremediation
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Process of naturally restoring and environment by living organisms, nutrients, and oxygen
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