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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Environment
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includes all living and nonliving things in and around us with which we interact.
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Environmental Science
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the study of how the natural world works, how our environment affects us, and how we affect our environment
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natural resources
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the various substances and energy sources we need to survive.
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renewable natural resources
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natural resources that are replenished over short periods
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nonrenewable natural resources
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mineral ores and crude oil in finite supply formed much more slowly than they are used
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agricultural revolution
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the transition from hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an agricultural way of life
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industrial revolution
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shift from rural life, animal powered agriculture to urban society powered by fossil fuels
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fossil fuels
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nonrenewable energy: oil, coal, and natural gas.
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Thomas Malthus
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argued that population growth could lead to disaster.
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ecological footprint
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expresses the environmental impact of an individual or population in terms of the cumulative amount of biologically productive land and water required to provide the raw materials the person or population consumes and to dispose of or recycle the waste the person or population produces.
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Environmentalism
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a social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world-- and, by extension, people-- from undesirable changes brought about by human actions.
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Ecology
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deals with the distribution and abundance of organisms, the interactions among them and the interactions between organisms and the nonliving environments.
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biodiversity
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the cumulative number and diversity of living things.
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sustainability
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living within the planet's means
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sustainable development
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the use of renewable and nonrenewable resources in a manner that satisfies our current needs but does not compromise the future availability of resources.
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culture
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the ensemble of knowledge, beliefs, values, and learned ways of life shared by a group of people.
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relativists
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believe ethics do and should vary with social context
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universalists
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believe objective notions of right and wrong hold across cultures and situations
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ethical standards
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criteria that help differentiate right from wrong
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environmental ethics
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the application of ethical standards to relationships between humans and nonhuman entities
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Anthropocentrism
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a human-centered view of our relationship with the environment.
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biocentrism
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ascribes value to certain living things or to the biotic realm in general
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ecocentrism
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judges actions in terms of their benefit or harm to the integrity of whole ecological systems, which consist of living and nonliving elements and the relationships among them
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