Environmental Science

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1. Includes the sub discipline of physioligical, evolutionary, and behavioral ecology concerned with how an organisms structure physiology, and behavior meet the challenges posed by its environment.

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ORGANISMAL ECOLOGY

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2. Analyzes the factors affect population size and how and why it changes through time

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POPULATION ECOLOGY

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3. Examines how interactions between species affect community structure and organization

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COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

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4. Emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between the organism and the environment

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ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY

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5. Components refers to the different kinds of organisms that interact with environment

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BIOTIC

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6. Produce their own food

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PRODUCERS

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7. Those that cannot make their own food

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HETEROTROPHS

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8. Those that feed on organic matter

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DETRITIVORES

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9. Every environment on earth is characterized by a mosaic of small scale differences in chemical and physical attributes such as temperature, light, water, and nutrients. These are non living factors that influence the distribution and abundance of organisms.

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ABIOTIC

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10. Are animals eat other animals

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CARNIVORES

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11. Are animals whose primary food source is plant

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HERBIVORES

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12. Both eat plant and animals or meat

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OMNIVORES

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13. Dominant for all animals it is carnivores also

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PREDATORS

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14. What called when transferring energy will decreases

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HEAT LOSS

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15. The _______ which play the role of producers of an ecosystem are eaten by consumers either directly and indirectly.

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PLANTS

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16. The series of organism through which food nutrients travel from producers to the different consumers and up to the decomposers is called a ______

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FOOD CHAIN

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17. Each step of the food chain is called a _____

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TROPHIC LEVEL

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18. Is a linear network links in a food web starting from a producer organisms and ending at apex predator species, detritivores, or decomposers.

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FOOD CHAIN

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19. Is also referred to the sequences of transfer of matter and energy in the form of food from organism to organism.

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FOOD CHAIN

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20. Which convert solar energy into food by photosynthesis are the primary food source.

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PLANTS

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21. A plant eating animals is eaten by a flesh eating animal

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PREDATOR CHAIN

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22. A ________ is not isolated unit, separate from other feeding relationships in a community

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FOOD CHAIN

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23. The trophic relationships of a community using arrows that link species according to who eats whom.

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ECOLOGISTS DIAGRAM

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24. In a _____, a smaller organism consumes part of a larger host and may itself be parasited by even smaller organism.

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PARASITE CHAIN

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25. In ______ microorganisms live on dead organic matter

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SAPROPHYTIC CHAIN

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26. A ______ is the natural intern connection of food chains and a graphical representation of what eats what in an ecological community.

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FOOD WEB

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27. Another name of Food web is _____

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CONSUMER RESOURCE SYSTEM

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28. Two different types of food web

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1. GRAZING FOOD WEB

2. DETRITAL FOOD WEB

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29. Based on photosynthetic plants or algae

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GRAZING FOOD WEB

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30. BASED ON DECOMPOSERS SUCH AS FUNGI

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DETRITAL FOOD WEB

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31. Is an important ecological concept it is an essential tool in understanding that plants are the foundation of all ecosystems and sustain life by providing nourishment and oxygen needed for survival and reproduction.

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FOOD WEB

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32. Is the number of organisms interacting and living in a particular area

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POPULATION

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33. When there is an increase in population

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GROWTH

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34. Can occur rapidly leading to specific environmental concern such as global warming, deforestation, and decreases biodiversity.

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RESOURCE DEPLETION

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35. Organism are clustered together in groups

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CLUMPED

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36. Organisms have an unpredictable distribution

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RANDOM

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37. Organism are evenly spaced over the area they occupy.

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UNIFORM

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38. It is defined as the total number of a particular kind or organism occupying a particular area.

It also includes the total number of people in a region

It is a group of interbreeding numbers of the same species

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POPULATION

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39. Is the number of individuals in a population

Is determined by direct observation and sampling

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POPULATION SIZE

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40. When organism move around such as fish, birds and mammals

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MARK RECAPTURE METHOD

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41. Is the number of people per unit area, usually quoted per square kilometer or square mile.

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POPULATION DENSITY

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42. Implies that the population is high relative to the size of the country

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HIGH POPULATION DENSITY

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43. Ideal population density is ____

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50-100 people per square kilometer

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44. Factors that affect population size

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1. Slow rate reproduction

2. Presence of predators, parasites, and other enemies that prevent growth in population.

3. Balance between biotic potential and environmental resistance

4. Migration

5. Immigration

6. Emigration

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45. The structure and dynamics of a community depends on the feeding relationships between organisms. It is called ______

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THE TROPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNITY

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46. Transfer of food energy upward from the source in plants and other autotrophs.

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PRIMARY PRODUCERS

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47. Transfer of food energy upward from the primary producers through herbivores

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PRIMARY CONSUMERS

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48. Transfer of food energy through carnivores

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SECONDARY, TERTIARY AND QUARTERNARY CONSUMERS

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49. 2 types of pattern of population growth

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1. J CURVE

2. S CURVE

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50. An exponential growth pattern occurs in an ideal, unlimited environment.

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J CURVE

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51. A logistic growth occurs when environmental pressures slow the rate of growth.

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S CURVE

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52. Ecosystem and biotic communities are dynamic once disturbed, they undergo slow but progressive changes in plant and animal populations until a suitable community (climax community) results.

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ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

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53.The sequence of communities that replace one another in a given area is called ______

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SERE

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54. The ______ will maintain itself over a long period of time as long as there is a harmonious interaction between the biotic and abiotic components.

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CLIMAX COMMUNITIES

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55. Impliescan increase in population size beyond the carrying capacity of the habitat. When this happens, the stability of an ecosystem is disturbed.

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OVERPOPULATION

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56. CAUSES WHY DECREASING FOREST

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1. Indiscrimate logging

2. Shifting Cultivation (kaingin)

3. Forest fires

4. Natural Calamities

5. Conversation to Agricultural land

6. Human settlements

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57. The Effects of decreasing forest cover are listed below:

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1. More flood, greater erosion

2. Affects climate ( global warming)

3. Less income for people whose livelihood depends on forest product

4 . Less protection of coastal areas

5. Fewer trees to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

6. Depletion of wildlife resources

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58. ______ are the among richest

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TROPHICAL RAIN FOREST

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59. ______ may result to biodiversity loss and can have a significant direct human health impact of ecosystem services are no longer adequate to meet social needs. Indirectly, it will affect livelihood, income and local migration.

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SPECIES EXTINCTION

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60. SOLUTIONS ON DEFORESTATION

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1. Plant a tree

2. Go paperless

3. Recycle and buy recycled products

4. Eat less meat as often as possible

5. Buy certified wood products

6. Support the product of companies that are committed to reducing deforestation.

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61. Is a major environmental problem that affects the ecosystem and the living thing that live in it.

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DEFORESTATION

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62. _____ are located where the terrestrial and marine ecosystem meet.

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COASTAL RESOURCES

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62. The most productive coastal resources of the Philippines

Both serve as breeding grounds and nursery of marine organisms

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1. Coral reefs

2. Mangrove forests

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63. ______ are a source of food for millions of people, protect coastline from storms and erosion, provide habitat, spawning in nursery ground for economically important species, provide job and income to local economied from fishing, recreation, and tourism.

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CORAL ECOSYSTEM

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64. CAUSE WHY REEFS UNDER THREAT

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1. Destructive fishing method

2. Overfishing

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65. _____ are an ecosystem of incredible biological biodiversity comprising hundreds of algae, mollusk , crustacean, fish, insect, reptile, bird and mammal.

it is one of the most severely threatened and undervalued ecosystems.

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MANGROVE FOREST

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66. what is the greek word of Eutrophication

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EUTROPHUS

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67. Eutrophus which means _____€

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WELL NOURISHED

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68. _____Refers to an excessive richness of nutrients in a body water frequently due to run off from land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.

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EUTROPHICATION

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69. One of the negative impacts of Eutrophication and increased algal growth is the loss of available known as ______

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ANOXIA

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70. Control measures

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1. Wastewater like sewage should be discharged into the river and water system only after water treatment.

2. Algal bloom should be removed from the water

3. Use of phosphate free detergents to reduce eutrophication.

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71. Is a complex environmental problem which affect many countries around the world

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ACID RAIN

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72. THREE EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN

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1. To man made material

2. Effects on humans

3. Effects on the ecosystem

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73. Acid rain is a result of _______

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AIR POLLUTION

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72. Sulfur and Nitrogen compounds mostly come from

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1. Industries

2. Power stations

3. Motor vehicles

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73. Is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles in the environment that adversely affect wildlife, habitat, and humans.

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PLASTIC POLLUTION

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74. Plastic that act as pollutant are categorized into ________ based on sized.

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1. Micro

2. Meso

3. Macro debris

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75. The main cause of plastic pollution is ________.

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NEGLIGENCE

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76. It consist of number of interconnected food chains through which energy travels in an ecosystem.

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FOOD WEB

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77. Reefs are often called the ______

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Rain forest of the sea