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78 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Environmental management
the means of controlling or guiding human-environment interactions to protect and enhance human health & welfare & environmental inequality
____________________ and managed natural systems are critical for human subsistence, livelihood, and quality of life
Natural resources
A lot of private activities determine to a large extent the fate of our environment
true
The state uses "police power" to protect public health and welfare to regulate ________________ activity
private activity
growth management
aims to main the growth machine by controlling land use and development
3rd sector is the public or Civil Society which includes
nongovernmental organizations

environmental and citizen groups

land trusts

property owners
Nonprofit environmental clubs/ organizations
National Wildlife Federation

Sierra Club

Nature Conservacy
The Blues
free marketers

positive bias

technological optimists

they believe the economic approaches are on track
The Reds
hold various forms of socialism

they believe the "bandit" capitalism benefits a minority at the socially disadvantaged

the environment is a distraction from social issues
The Greens
see the world in terms of ecosystems

major threats are: resource depletion, pollution damage, and population growth

neither anti technology or anti market
The Whites
synthesists of the preceding colors

don't agree or disagree , optimistic about people and process; the "process" that will win the day
Frontier Economics
anthropocentric view

resources are limitless and progress defined by economic growth
Deep ecology
back-to-nature "biocentric" that honors all nature

often at the expense of economic growth
environmental protection
characteristic of US policy in the 1970's

aims to lessen environmental impacts without significant sacrifice in economic growth
Colby
has five paradigms

environmental management, ethical, political, economic, policy, technology, and methodological dimensions
Colby's resource management
US policy in the 1980's

recognizes long term sustainability as a constraint to economic growth

"getting the prices right"
sustainable development
paths of economic, social, environmental, and political progress that aims to meet the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations
three E's of sustainability
Economy Environment

social Equity

Engagement and Eternity

(must break from short term planning)
environmental planning
applies the process of planning to environmental protection and problem solving
Environmental planning can be

reactive
proactive
integrative
true
Reactive measures
try to correct prior environmental damages

ex) remediation of old dumps
proactive
enhance environmental quality

Ex) land use controls to preserve wildlife habitats
integrative
considering environmental factors early in the development
rational comprehensive approach
objectives
information
alternatives
impact assessment
evaluation
incremental approach
focuses on short term goals
participatory approach
suggests that neither rational-comprehensive nor incremental

aims to inform the public in planning & decision making
advocacy approach
special interests, don't speak with one voice
negative externalities
pollution, wetland destruction, groundwater overdraft
cost-benefit analysis
costs & benefits that can be measured in dollar terms

equity -- distribution of costs & benefits
how effects are valued over time
the dollar today is worth more than dollar tomorrow

therefore "discounted" investments
ecological economics
emerged to improve economic valuation of environmental resources
bequest value
for future generations
environmental law
used to protect human health and environmental quality
inverse condemnation
rebuttle

on government unjustly "take" property
growth management
policies, plans, investments, incentives, regulations to guide everything about development
smart growth
encourages development in existing infrastructure areas
new urbanism
compactness and aesthetics emphasis
LULU stands for _______________
locally unwanted land uses
long-range general planning
20 - 50 years

reviewed every 5 years
district planning
cover small area like a neighborhood, business district, redevelopment area, environmental preservation
functional planning
infrastructure, parks and recreation, natural environment, housing, etc.
implementation plans
address the actions necessary to realize the objectives and strategic plans
watershed management
not a new concept

managing a water body requires managing the land in its watershed
stakeholders
those effecting change as well as those affected by it
social capital
community's stock of social trust, networks used to solve problems collectively
the main goal of stakeholder involvement is
collaborative learning
process evaluation
examines the information and other opportunities that were made available to citizens
computer photo simulations
alter digitized photographs to show potential visual change due to development
participatory land use mapping
small groups for planning and opinions (7-10)
conservation reserve program
1985 - annual payments to farmers who retire highly erodible lands from production for at least 10 years
conservation reserve enhancement program
1996- high priority areas for higher retirement rents
wetland reserve program
1990-

annual rent payments and cost-sharing
for farmers who stop farming on wetlands
conservation compliance
requires all farmers to obtain an approved conservation plan to obtain farm program benefits
natural resources conservation service NRCS
provide a range of technical assistance to conserve and improve natural resources

1 billion each year
green infrastructure
large parks, preserves, working lands, etc.
land trust
nonprofit conservation organization that accepts land donations, buys conservation easememts, negotiates with land owners
the nature conservancy
most well known

conserved 12 million in the country
92 million in the world
fee simple purchase
provides all rights and guarantees protection but is costly - market value or land
conservation easement / developmental rights
restrict the owner from specified development uses.
the basic components of a GI network are
hubs and links
hubs
reserves, native landscapes, working lands, regional parks, community parks
links
landscape linkages, conservation corridors, greenways, greenbelts, riparian floodplains
Maryland's GreenPrint Program
$35 million for green infrastructure
Regulatory Tools
control on the type, location, and timing of development

zoning
Nonregulatory Tools
land acquisitions
tax policies
using infrastructure development
comprehensive plan
vision of the future community
conventional zoning
use and density restrictions
subdivision ordinance
requirements for layout of streets, drainage, water, sewer, etc.
agricultural zoning
prohibits construction of nonfarm buildings
overlay zoning
aims to protect environmental resources in natural hazard areas
conditional zoning
specific use
high density

requires a permit
performance zoning
requires meeting cretain performance criteria
transfer of developmental rights
enables transfer from preservation zone to development zone
phased development
controls not the location but the rate of development

to keep pace w/ the provision
concurrency
development plans can be only be approved if they are "concurrent"
sliding scale zoning
can limit the acreage of lots that are developed
floating zones
identify a zone and its requirements

but not its location
agricultural and forestal districting
offers use-value taxation

right-to-farm protection