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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Particle size:__-__ microns do not reach distal airways, __-__ microns impact at bifurcation on distal airways, __ microns act as a gas
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5-10, 1-5, .5
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Particle concentration:__-__ppm overcomes scrubbing action
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1-5 ppm
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Non neoplastic lung reaction to mineral dust like silica & coal, macrophage phagocytosis & release of mediators --> fibrosis
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Pneumoconiosis
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Slowly progressive nodular fibrosis mostly in upper lobes, quartz smaller that a micron is retained & causes fibrosis (sandblasters & miner workers)
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Silicosis
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Diffuse parenchymal interstitial fibrosis, bronchiogenic carcinoma, localized fibrous plaques on pleural surface, mesiothelioma, lower lobes of lungs
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Asbestosis
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which is the more pathological form of asbestosis, Amphibole or Serpentine?
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Amphibole
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most common cause of preventable mortality, slows healing, contains carcinogens, toxins, CO, & nicotine
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smoking
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Then best indicator nicotine intake is _________ blood/urine levels
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Continine
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Cancer of the lung, Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, MI, Systemic atherosclerosis, oral cancer are all effects of _________
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Smoking
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Causes decreased O2 to heart (lung disease), contaction of coronary arteries, ventricular fibrillation & increased risk of MI
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Smoking
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Can cause anaplastic anemia
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Chloramphenicol
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Can cause hemolytic anemia & anaphylaxis
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Penicillin
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Can cause acute tubular necrosis
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Aminoglycosides
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Can cause asthma & tinnitus
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Salicylate (asprin)
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Can cause Hepatic change
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Tetracycline, Tylenol
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Can cause Lupus
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Hydralazine
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Can cause respiratory depression
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sedatives
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Which is NOT an effect of exogenous estrogen: Enometrial carcinoma, breast carcinoma, thrombo-embolism, & cardiovascular disease.
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Cardio disease is actually reduced by estrogen, endometrial c. increase when used alone, breast c. worse in combination w/ progestin
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Breast carcinoma (after 45) and cervical carcinoma (risk based on lifestyle) are effects of oral contraceptives. OC is protective against endometrial carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma (T/F)
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True; True
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Oral antibiotics increase the effect of oral contraceptives
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FALSE
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Acetaminophen over dose (15-25g) can lead to _____ _____
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liver failure
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An overdose (10-30g) of what leads to gastric ulcers, bleeding (by stoping formation of thromboxane 2), fluid electrolyte imbalance, respiratory alkalosis, & netabolic acidosis
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Asprin
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_____________ is responsible for the damage in ethanol overdose (a metabolite)
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Acetaldehyde
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Most addictive of all drugs(intense euphoria), no physical dependance, psychological withdrawal difficult (years)
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Cocaine (yes, Nic you crack head)
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Can cause life threatening situation in dental chair due to epi in local anesthesia --> arrhythmias (it blocks epi reuptake)
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cocaine
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Cocaine cause all of the following except: fatal arrhythmias, open pupils, talkativeness, normal anxiety, jitteriness, tremor
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normal anxiety, it resembles it but must be differentiated from
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Acute effects of cocaine cause all of the following except: dialated pupils, vasoconstriction, rise in BP, tachycardia, arrhythmia, platelet aggregation, hyperpyrexia (high body temp), & rhabdomylosis (degeneration of muscle)
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all of the above are effects
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Chronic effects of cocaine cause all of the following except: perforation of nasal septum, increased lung capacity, dilated cardiomyopathy
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increased lung capacity (should be decreased)
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Heroin cause all of the following except: pupil constriction, xerostomia, slurred speech, pain reaction threshold decreased
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pain reaction threshold decreased--it is actually INCREASED
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T or F: cocaine is more hazardous than heroin.
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FALSE
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You can die from heroin overdose from all of the following except: respiratory arrest, severe hemmorrhage, arrythmia, cardiac arrest.
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severe hemmorrage
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What is the initial "rush" of heroin due to?
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histamine release
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What stage of heroin use includes the following symptoms: vasoconstriction, sweating, pupillary dilation
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cold turkey stage
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Which heart valves can become infected due to side effects of heroin use?
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right sided heart valves
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All of the following are side effects of heroin use except: pulmonary edema, viral hepatitis, hypopigmentation, amyloidosis, constipation.
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hypopigmentation (should be HYPERpigmentation)
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T or F: Heroin addicts should be prescribed opiate analgesics.
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False, Biatch!!!!
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T or F: NSAIDS should be prescribed for heroin addicts
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TRUE
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Vicodin, Vicoprofen, and Lortab are all_______.
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Hydrocodones
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What do the effects of Hydrocodones mimic?
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Morphine
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What definition? Compulsive, obsessive pattern of abuse. Abuser feels life is impossible w/out the
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Psychological abuse
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What definition? Manifestation of withdrawal syndrome. Body goes through unpleasant experiences if user suddenly stops .
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physiological abuse
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What is the most widely used illegal ?
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mary jane baby, light it up
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delta-9 tertrahydro cannabinol is the psychoactive substance in what ?
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marijuana
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In california where the reefer is legal for medicinal purposes, what treatement is it effective for?
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glaucoma and radiation sickness
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T or F: marijuana can cause birth defects
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true, through chromosomal damage
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all of the following are effects of methamphetamine except: temporary mood elevation, exhilaration (high), Increased mental alertness, sleepiness
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sleepiness
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T or F: you can become addicted to meth from just one use.
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TRUE
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All of the following are side effects of meth use except: heart irregularities, Low pressure, depression, restlessness, tremors, severe fatigue.
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Low pressure
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what level of caffeine increases performance?
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30-200 mg
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what level of caffeine makes you a wired, crazed lunatic?
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>500 mg
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the acceptable limit for lead intake is ____ ug/dl; __________lead is more hazardous; ___% of ingested is absorbed; ____% ingested by kids is absorbed; ____% is taken up by bone; and lead binds to _________.
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25; volatized; 10; 50; 80; disulfides
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Formation of zinc protoporphyrin, gum line effect, anemia, and lines in your bones, a "wrist drop" (sort of like eric's) are all characteristic of what?
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lead poisoning
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what causes basophilic stippling of RBC's?
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lead
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Hemoglobin has 200 times more affinity for ___ than _______.
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CO; Oxygen
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In regards to CO poisoning, ________ ________ occurs at 20-30% saturation, and _____________ occurs at 60-70% saturation.
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systemic hypoxia; unconsciousness
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How quickly can you die if you leave your car running in your garage?
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five minutes
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What disease? Slight headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue
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mild exposure to CO
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what disease? Throbbing headache, drowsiness, fast heart rate
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medium exposure to CO
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what disease? Convusions, uncosciousness, heart & lung failure, brain damage and possibly
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severe exposure to CO
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What people are are most affected by CO poisoning?
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unborn babies, infants, ppl w/ heart disease
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Oral contraceptives do NOT cause which one of the following: Thrombo embolism, Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease, Coronary artery disease
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Coronary artery disease
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P-450 is an enzyme that helps detoxify ethanol & medications (T/F)
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True
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What is the most common cause of liver injury/cirrhosis (from environmental factors)?
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Alcohol (chronic alcoholism)
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Which is a positive effect of alcohol: cerebral atrophy, cerebellar degeneration, optic neuropathy, inc HDL in , oral cancer.
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inc in HDL
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