Environmental Engineering Exam#2

Front 1

Deoxygenation

Back 1

Rate of oxygen consumed in oxidizing waste

Front 2

Reaeration

Back 2

Resupply of oxygen from the atmosphere

Front 3

BOD

Back 3

Biochemical Oxygen Demand measures the effect that biodegradable organics cause by depleting the oxygen

Front 4

Biotic Effects

Back 4

Produced or involving organims

Front 5

Abiotic

Back 5

Non-living component

Front 6

Ammonification

Back 6

Organic Nitrogen converted to ammonia (NH4, NH3)

Front 7

Nitrification

Back 7

Oxidation of ammonia to produce nitrate (NO4-) by nitrifying bacteria

Front 8

Denitrification

Back 8

Nitrogen transforms into gas & released into atmosphere. Some bacteria can switch over to using nitrate instead of oxygen

Front 9

Sulfur Cycle

Back 9

Goes into proteins & creates sulfate (SO4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is toxic to aquatic life. Sulfate not harmful but lowers pH.

Front 10

Bioconcentration

Back 10

Direct absorption of a chemical to an individual organism.

Front 11

Bioaccumulation

Back 11

Accumulation of chemicals both by exposure and ingestion of contaminated food.

Front 12

Aerobic respiration

Back 12

Process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen. Many bacteria and higher order creatures. Produce CO2 carbon dioxide

Front 13

Anaerobic Metabolism

Back 13

Absence of oxygen and nitrate. Like fermentation (beer). Occurs in bacteria. Produces CH4 methane.

Front 14

NPDES

Back 14

National Pollutant Discharges Elimination System. Authorized by clean water act. Permit program to control pollution by regulation sources that discharge waste into water. Federal program, delegated to California.

Front 15

Point Source & Non-Pt. Source

Back 15

Point source: directly polluting to the source

Non-Pt. Source: runoff water contaminating river

Front 16

Aerobic Respiration

Back 16

Fires, breathing CO2. Oxygen is involved.

Front 17

Anaerobic Respiration

Back 17

CH4 methane

Front 18

Eutrophication

Back 18

Too much nutrients in a body of water, oxygen is depleted by algae, increase of organic matter. Biogeovhemical cylcling is accelerated.

Front 19

Thermal Stratification

Back 19

DIfferent layers in a body of water @ different temperatures. Restricts mass transport of iron, O2, phosphorous. Bad water quality.

Front 20

Epillimion

Back 20

Top surface of water. Warmer when summer, colder in the winter.

Front 21

Hypolimnion

Back 21

Bottom layer of water. Colder in the summer, warmer in the winter.

Front 22

Deeper Cold Water

Back 22

Has less oxygen

Front 23

Growth Nutrient Limiting

Back 23

Fresh Water- Phosphorous

Bay Salt Water- Nitrogen

Front 24

Trophy

Back 24

Rate at which organic matter is supplied to lakes

Front 25

Cultural Eutrophication

Back 25

Phosphorous being added by human activities & aging of lakes. i.e. town being built, clearing of land, runoff accelerated, extra nutrients being exposed to the soil.

Front 26

Oligotrophic

Back 26

Nutrient poor, low algae, organic matter abundant oxygen, good transparency.

Front 27

Eutrophic

Back 27

Nutrient rich, high algae, organic matter oxygen depleted.

Front 28

Mesotrophic

Back 28

Intermediate zone, lots of fish, much organic matter, plenty of oxygen.

Front 29

Biostimulation

Back 29

Adding more a limiting factor (pollution) causes growth. BOD, nitrification, algae growth.

Front 30

Pollution

Back 30

Introducing a substance that has a harmful effect to the ecosystem.

Front 31

Water Quality Standards

Back 31

Provisioned by each state to protect or maintain desired condition of water for the future.Concerning categories: oxygen, nutrients, salinity, temperature, pH, toxins.

Front 32

BOD5

Back 32

Biochemical Oxygen Demand measures the effect that biodegradable organics cause by depleting the oxygen in 5 days.