Enviro Sci Hw 1

Front 1

Natural capital includes what?

Back 1

sunlight, air, water, soil

Front 2

An environmentally sustainable society does what?

Back 2

lives off its natural income of renewable resources; does not degrade its natural capital; provides its population with adequate and equitable access resources; does not compromise access of future generations to basic needs

Front 3

what percentage of the worlds projected increase in population between 2009 and 2050 is likely to come from developing countries?

Back 3

97%

Front 4

Name an example of reuse.

Back 4

using plastic butter tubs to store leftovers

Front 5

In 2003, the World Wildlife Fund estimated that humanity's global ecological footprint exceeded the earth's biological capacity by how much?

Back 5

25%

Front 6

If everyone on earth consumed at the same level as the citizens of the U.S., we would need...

Back 6

5 more earths

Front 7

nonpoint sources of pollution include what 4 things?

Back 7

wind carrying dirt and pesticides from croplands; runoff from a stockyard; fertilizer runoff from lawns; runoff from cropland

Front 8

Scientists have identified several problems with relying primarily on pollution cleanup. What are 3 of them?

Back 8

it is only a temporary bandage as long as the situation remains the same; it often simply moves the pollutant from one place to another; once pollutants are released it is too expensive to remove them

Front 9

The average U.S. citizen consumes about ____ times as much as an average citizen in India.

Back 9

30

Front 10

The idea that we should be responsible, caring managers of the earth is called...

Back 10

the stewardship worldview

Front 11

Research by social scientists suggests that it takes ____ percent of the population of a community, country, or the world to bring about a major change.

Back 11

5-10

Front 12

Nature reveals four basic principles that could help us to transition to sustainable societies. what are they?

Back 12

reliance on solar energy; biodiversity; nutrient cycling; population control

Front 13

Life on earth depends on the interaction of gravity, the cycling of matter, and...

Back 13

one-way flow of energy

Front 14

High quality energy is constantly...

Back 14

becoming low quality energy

Front 15

of the total amount of solar energy intercepted by the earth, what percentage actually reaches the earths surface?

Back 15

1%

Front 16

Name 4 abiotic limiting factor.

Back 16

too much water; too little poassium; too high temperature; insufficient nutrients (population over crowding is NOT an abiotic limiting factor)

Front 17

Name 4 types of consumers

Back 17

decomposer; omnivore; carnivore; detrivore

Front 18

what are end products of anaerobic respiration?

Back 18

acetic acid; methane; ethyl alocohol; hydrogen sulfide (oxygen is NOT an end product of anaerobic respiration)

Front 19

List 4 facts about microorganisms.

Back 19

bacteria and other microbes help purify the water we drink; bacteria help produce the foods we eat; bacteria help break down food in our intestines; microbes help control diseases of plants

Front 20

an ecosystem CAN survive wihtout

Back 20

autotrophs

Front 21

the typical percentage of loss of energy in transfers from one trophic level to the next is about _____ percent

Back 21

90%

Front 22

Scientists estimae humans now use, waste, or destroy what percentage of the earth's total potentail NPP?

Back 22

20-32%

Front 23

Name 4 ways that humans alter the water cycle.

Back 23

withdraw large quantites from streams, lakes, and quifers; increase runoff by clearing vegetation from the land; alter eather patterns by clearing vegitation; increase flooding by distrubing natural flood controls

Front 24

Humans intervene in the nitrogen cycle in several ways. What are they?

Back 24

burning fossilfuels add nitric acid; agriculture releases nitrous oxides; destruction of forests releases nitrogen; we store nigrogen in the topsoil when we harvets nitrogen rich crops

Front 25

The exponentail rate of growth of the total human population over the past 100 years resulted from...

Back 25

leveling off of death rates

Front 26

Population change is calculated using what formula

Back 26

(births + immigration) -
(deaths + emigration)

Front 27

What is one economic factor deacreasing the likelihood of a couple having a child?

Back 27

cost of child's education

Front 28

two useful indicators of overall heath in a country or region are...

Back 28

life expectancy and infant mortality rate

Front 29

What are four reasons the US has one of the highest infant mortality rates of developed countries?

Back 29

inadequate health care for pregnant poor women; drug addiciton among women; high birth rate among teenagers; inadequate health care for babies after birth

Front 30

Currently, legan and illegal immigration account for approximately how much of the U.S. annual population growth?

Back 30

40 %

Front 31

Countries that have reached zero population growth have an age structure diagram that...

Back 31

shows little variation in population by age

Front 32

4 problems associated with rapid population decline include...

Back 32

less government revenues with fewer workers; less business formation; less likelihood for new technology development; increasing public deficits

Front 33

women tend to have fewer and healthier children for what 4 reasons...

Back 33

When their individual rights are protected; when they have access to emplyment outside the home; when they have access to education; when they have access to family planning

Front 34

China's population policy includes what 4 things?

Back 34

encouraging later marriages; health pension, and employment benefits for one-child families; urging families to have no more than one child; providing free access to birth control

Front 35

how many children do Indian women have on average?

Back 35

2.1

Front 36

What is true of China's average age of it's population?

Back 36

the increase in the average age has slowed dramatically

Front 37

what are the four most deadly diseases

Back 37

pneumonia and flu; malaria; tuberculosis; HIV\AIDS

Front 38

In 1918, the highly potent virus that spread rapidly around the glove and killed 20-50 million people within a few months was the...

Back 38

spanish flu

Front 39

according to a 2000 study, at least _____ of all antibiotics used to streat humans are prescribed unnecessarily.

Back 39

1/2 (one half)

Front 40

the effects of neurotoxins can result in what 4 things?

Back 40

behavioral changes; learning disabilities; ADD; death

Front 41

DDT, PCBs, atrazine, bisphenol-A, and phthalates are all examples of...

Back 41

hormonally active agents

Front 42

teratogens cause...

Back 42

birth defects

Front 43

name 4 synthetic chemicals that can act as hormone mimics or hormone blockers.

Back 43

dioxins, PCBs, some pesticides, DDT

Front 44

____ relates to the amount of a potentially toxic substance as it passes through food chains and webs.

Back 44

Dose

Front 45

This term is used to refer to chemicals that are resistant to breakdown and that have long-lasting harmful effets on the health of wildlife and people

Back 45

persistence

Front 46

In 2003, the US envrionmental protection agency (EPA) proposed that in determining risk, regulators should assume children have ____ times the exposure risk of adults to cancer-causing chemicals.

Back 46

10

Front 47

of the 100,000 registered synthetic chemicals in commercial use, only ____ have been adequately tested to determine whether they are carcinogens, teratogens, or mutagens.

Back 47

10%

Front 48

what is not one of the factors that cause people to see a technology or product as being more or less risky than experts judge it to be.

Back 48

degree to which the risk is caused by the government