Entomology Exam 2 02.02

Front 1

As with other animals, insect
digestive system form and function
corresponds to ..

Back 1

diet

Front 2

A ____ gut can
completely fill the body.

Back 2

caterpillar’s

Front 3

A ____ gut is usually
a straight tube about as long
as the body.

Back 3

grasshopper's

Front 4

An omnivore like a ____ tends
to have have a longer gut compared
to an insect that consumes mainly
solid plant tissue.

Back 4

cockroach

Front 5

A blood feeding insect like a ______
usually has a long gut and a very large
crop for fast ingestion of a single large
meal.

Back 5

tsetse fly

Front 6

Plant phloem or xylem feeders have long
complicated guts, but ____

Back 6

no storage

Front 7

Saliva contains digestive
enzymes, and also:
• most blood-feeding insects have
______ and blood thinners
• some plant feeders have compounds
that form a ______

Back 7

anticoagulants

feeding tube or attachment
structure.

Front 8

Salivary enzymes digest food
in the ___, or even prior to
_____

This predatory stink bug ingests liquified prey tissue.

Back 8

foregut

ingestion

Front 9

Insects that ingest solid food often have a
muscular ________(2 names that mean the same thing) that
crushes food before it reaches the midgut.

Back 9

gizzard (proventriculus)

Front 10

Most digestion, and all
absorption, of food takes
place in the ___

Back 10

midgut

Front 11

A midgut feature very different from a
vertebrate gut is the ___ ____ found in many insects.

Back 11

peritrophic
membrane

Electron micrograph
showing net-like
peritrophic membrane

Front 12

The peritrophic membrane is a
continually secreted

Back 12

sheath

Front 13

The PM is full of holes large
enough for digestive enzymes
and small food molecules. The
function varies according to
species, but this includes
protecting the midgut from
_____ (3 things)

Back 13

laceration and some
pathogens or poisons.

Front 14

The transition from midgut to hindgut
is marked by the organs of excretion.

Back 14

malpigian tubules

Front 15

malpighian tubules are ...

Back 15

probably ectodemal
in origin, i.e. part
of the hindgut

Front 16

The hindgut absorbs water and many of the
non-waste molecules excreted by the
______. Together the two systems
maintain _____ of the hemolymph.

Back 16

Malpighian tubules

osmoregulation

Solutes are removed
from the hemolymph
by _____
Water follows by _____

Hint 16

active transport

osmosis

Front 17

Terrestrial insects conserve
water by excreting __ ___
rather than other common
forms of nitrogenous waste.

Back 17

uric acid

Front 18

Finally the remaining mixture of urine
and feces, often very dry and
packaged in ___ ____,
is pushed out the anus.
The technical
term is ___

Back 18

peritrophic membrane

frass

Front 19

This beetle larva hides under an elaborate
arrangement of ____ _____

Back 19

fecal strands

Front 20

Plant-liquid feeding bugs have
a liquid bypass system called
a _______

Back 20

filter chamber

Excess water and some solutes
such as simple sugars are
separated from more valuable
nutrients such as proteins.

Front 21

As a result many insects such
as aphids constantly defecate
a sweet liquid called
_____

Back 21

honeydew

Front 22

Ants, being predators and usually not
short on protein, often use honeydew as a
______.

Back 22

carbohydrate source

Front 23

The ____ is somewhat analogous
to the vertebrate liver. For example it
is the site of the synthesis and
release of ______ molecules.
Unlike the liver it is a _____

Back 23

fat body

energy storage molecules

diffuse
collection of cells.

Front 24

Many insects rely on microbial symbionts
for some essential nutrient. This is
especially true of species with a narrow
range of food. For example: give 3 examples

Back 24

1 Vertebrate blood is deficient in B
vitamins.
2Phloem lacks essential amino acids.
3 Cellulose is very difficult to digest and is
a poor source of nitrogen.

Front 25

Often these microbes are
found either in the gut lumen
(i.e. protozoans in termites) or
in specialized pockets of cells
in the fat body or gonads
called a ___ or a
bacteriome.

Back 25

mycetome

Front 26

The long evolutionary association
between some insect hosts and bacterial
symbionts is shown by: what 3 things

Back 26

1Parallel phylogenies
2 transovarial transmission
3 the fact that the two players cannot live
independently

Front 27

Essential microbes in the gut
lumen are transferred by
____

Back 27

ingestion

Front 28

Some common morphological features of
both female and male internal genitalia are ...3 things

Back 28

• Paired clusters of tubes that produce
gametes.
• separate ducts lead to a common duct
to the outside.
• Accessory glands produce gamete
nourishment, eggs shells, etc.

Front 29

The egg producing tubes are _____
Each is a kind of assembly line.

Back 29

ovarioles.

Front 30

Yolk is not added after the
____. Sperm enter through
small holes called _____

Back 30

chorion =egg shell

micropyles.

Front 31

During _____ an eggs passes
through a lateral oviduct to the common
oviduct (vagina).

Back 31

oviposition

Front 32

During copulation a female stores sperm
in the _________

Back 32

spermatheca.

Front 33

Sperm in the spermatheca
can live a very long time,
nourished by secretions from
the ______ gland.

Back 33

spermathecal

Front 34

Recent study suggesting that
females can ____the aging
process in stored sperm.

Back 34

slow

Front 35

The accessory have a variety
of functions, e.g. to ____
the egg to a surface.

Back 35

cement

In Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, and ants)
they are ____ ____

Hint 35

POISON GLANDS

Front 36

Some insects have live birth. In the case of
___ ____ a single larva is fed on accessory
gland secretions until it is ready to pupate.

Back 36

tsetse flies

Front 37

an example of function of accessory gland secretion :

Back 37

lacewing eggs are on stalks to prevent cannibalism

Front 38

___ ___ eggs may
resemble seeds, and fool
seed-storing ants.

Back 38

walking stick

Front 39

The groove on a blow fly egg will trap
a bubble if the egg is submerged.
This functions as a ___

Back 39

gill

Front 40

where is sperm stored
until copulation?

Back 40

seminal vesical

Front 41

The sperm-producing tubes are also called
____. The arrangement is rather like an
_____.

Back 41

follicles

ovariole.

Front 42

Some insect package sperm in a
spermatophore for transfer to the female. This is
formed from accessory gland secretions. A
complex _______ is associated with a
complex ejaculatory duct.

Back 42

spermatophore

Front 43

Males accessory gland
secretions have lots of other
functions, including substantial
alteration of female ___ ____
behavior.

Back 43

postcopulation