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220 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which phylum is the largest in the world?
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arthropoda
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what are the two subphyla of arthropoda?
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madibulata and chrlicerata
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what three things distinguish the difference between mandibulata and chelicerata?
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body regions, legs, and antennae
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which well known class is a part of the subclass chelicerata?
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arachnida (spiders), horseshoe crabs and sea spiders too
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what four classes make up the subphylum madibulata?
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crustacea, diplopoda, chilophoda, and hexapoda
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what make up the class diplopoda?
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millipedes
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what make up the class chilopoda?
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centipedes
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what make up the class hexapoda?
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hexapods
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which class, subphylum, and phylum are insects a subclass in?
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class hexapoda, subphylum madibulata, phylum arthropoda
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what are the two body regions of chelicerata?
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cephalothorax and abdomen
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what kind of lungs do spiders have?
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book
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what are the body regions of mandibulates?
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head, thorax, and abdomen
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what are four things that make insects so successful?
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exoskeleton, adaptability, high rates of reproduction, and wings
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what percent of insects are considered pests?
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0.5
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about how many dollars of good do insects provide annually?
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$60 billion
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what is the definition of a pest?
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something that interferes with human activities in large numbers
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what are two intentional pests we have today?
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africanized bees and gypsy moths
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why is pest introduction ongoing?
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free trade
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what is an example of native insects becoming pests due to changes in crops?
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colorado potato beetle
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what are 7 ways insects can cause damage?
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1. feeding
2. egg laying (oviposition) 3. contamination 4. disease transmission 5. nuisance of annoyance 6. medical problems 7. nest construction |
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what is the insect body wall called?
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integument or exoskeleton
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what is the only living section of exoskeleton? it excretes fluid.
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epidermis
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what helps prevent insect water loss?
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the layer of wax on the outside of the exoskeleton
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what is the exocuticle composed of?
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chitin
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what is the hardening process of the exoskeleton called?
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sclerotizaiton
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what are the individual plates of the insect body called?
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sclerites
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the top and bottom of an insect are known as the --- sides.
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ventral
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the sides of the insects are called the --- sides.
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lateral
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the insect head is a fusion of how many body segments (range)?
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5-8
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what is the toughest part of the insect body?
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head
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primary chewing: what is the labrum?
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upper lip
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primary chewing: what is the mandible pair?
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jaws
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primary chewing: what is the maxillae pair?
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2nd jaws
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primary chewing: what is the labium?
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paired and fused lower lip
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what does the hypopharynx of an insect control?
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swallowing
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what are palps?
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sensory extensions on the maxillae and labium
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what are two examples of primary chewing insects?
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grasshoppers and caterpillars
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what are the piercing/sucking parts of insects called?
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stylets
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what are two examples of piercing/sucking insects?
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aphids and leaf hoppers
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what type of insects have chewing-lapping mouthparts?
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bees and wasps
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what type of insects have sponging mouthparts?
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houseflies
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what type of insects have sponging-cutting mouthparts? (also inject anesthetic and anticoagulate)
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horse and deer flies
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what type of insects have rasping-sucking mouthparts? (asymmetrical)
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thirps
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what type of insects have siphoning mouthparts?
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butterflies and moths
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what is the elongated mouthpart of a butterfly called?
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proboscis
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what two things do antennae have the ability to detect as a sensory skill?
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odors and vibrations
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are antennae sexually dimorphic?
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usually yes
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what are the two types of insect eyes?
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compound and ocelli
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compound eyes are made up of ---.
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facets
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which insects has many facets in its compound eye?
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dragonfly
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how many ocelli do insects have? (range)
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0-3
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do all insects have eyes?
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no
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what shape are facets?
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hexagons
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how many facets can a compound eye have? (range)
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0-25,000 +
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larvel insects only have -- eyes
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simple
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what are the three segments of the thorax?
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prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax
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what is the primary function of the thorax?
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locomotion
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which two thoraxal segments have wings?
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mesothorax and metathorax
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what is the pronotum?
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the upper surface of the prothorax functioning as a shield for defense or camouflage
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insect legs are articulated, meaning that they are --.
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jointed
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how many segments make up insect legs?
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5
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what leg part attaches to the body and functions as a socket?
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coxa
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which leg part fits into the coxa while functioning as the ball in the coxa's socket?
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trochanter
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what is the thick part of the leg between the trochanter and the tibia?
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femur
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what is the long, skinny leg part between the femur and the tarsus?
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tibia
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what is the subdivided leg part containing claws at the end of the leg?
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tarsus
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what are two insects that use their legs to grasp?
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praying mantis and the ambush bug
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what is an insect that uses its legs for digging?
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mole crickets
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what is an insect the uses its legs for jumping?
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grasshopper
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what are two insects that use their legs for swimming?
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diving beetle and the water boatman
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only --- insects have wings.
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adult
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insects with wings all have two pairs except ----.
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true flies
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wings are membranous and veiny because they are ---- tissues.
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living
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what does it mean to be primary wingless?
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no ancestral lineage of wings
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what does it mean to be secondary wingless?
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ancestors did have wings, but they were lost due to no need for them
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the true bugs have wings with half of them being a protective part known as the ---.
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hemelytra
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the beetles have a rough and tough front pair of wings known as ---.
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elytra
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what is the modified nub (2nd pair of wings) of the house fly called?
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halter
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how many segments make up the abdomen of an insect? (range)
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6-10
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what is the longest of the three body segments?
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abdomen
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what three functions does the abdomen serve?
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reproductive organs, digestion, breathing
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what are cerci?
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filaments at the tip of the abdomen used for sensory or defense
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what are prolegs?
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fleshy legs on some larval forms of insects. they are hooked.
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what is the female part used to lay eggs called?
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ovipositor
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what is the stinger of a bee really?
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a modified ovipositor
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what is the copulatory male organ called?
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aedeagus
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the crop in the digestive track as what unique characteristic?
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another pair of teeth
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what are malpighian tubules?
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the 'kidneys' of the digestive track; vacuum up the toxins and flush them out the digestive track
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what is unique about the scheritized teeth in the crop and anus?
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they are exoskeleton and thus shed at some points in the lifecycle
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what is the blood of insects called?
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hemolymph
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what are the three functions of hemolymph?
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transport of nutrients, storage of water and ions, and hydraulics (pressure)
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insects have one vessel called the --- that is the main pulsating vessel of the circulatory system.
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heart
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the heart is full of little holes called ---, that move blood into nooks of the body cavity.
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ostia
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gas exchange occurs through organs called ---.
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spiracles
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the holes in the exoskeleton connected to the spiracles are called --.
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tracheae
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the branching paths of the respiratory system that lead to individual cells are called --.
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tracheoles
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the only part of the respiratory system that isn't part of the exoskeleton is the --.
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tracheoles
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which two body parts are spiracles located on?
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thorax and abdomen
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which body part full of air aides in flight?
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thoriacic air sacs
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what are the three main types of muscle?
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visceral, segmental, and appendage
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what four parts make up the nervous system?
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brain, ganglion, dorsal vessel, ventral nerve cord
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most of the brain is used for what?
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sensory tissue such as eyes, mouth, and antennae
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what is the hexagonal facet of the eye called?
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ommatidium
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the --- contain exposed tips of dentrites covered by cuticles.
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seta
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what is the sac on the female that contains sperm from reproduction which is saved until ovaposition?
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spermatheca
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what is parthenogenisis?
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asexual reproduction requiring no males without genetic recombination
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what is an example of an insect that undergoes parthenogenesis?
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aphids
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what is haplodiploidy?
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faculative parthenogenisis; ie) bees determining the sex of the two offspring (males haploid)
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what is oviparity?
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eggs are laid before hatching
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what is ovovivparity?
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eggs are in female until hatched
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what is viviparity?
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eggs hatch and young are nourished within the female body until mature. ie) tsetse fly
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what is an instar?
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the juvenile insect in a particular development stage
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what is ecdysis?
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molting; the shedding of the exoskeleton
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what is the remaining cuticle after ecdysis called?
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exuvium
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what is the hormone that starts the molting process?
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ecdysome
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what is the rate of insect growth dependent on?
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temperature
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what type of insects make up the group ametabola?
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primarily wingless; no metamorphosis
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what type of insects make up the group paurometabola?
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terrestrial; gradual metamorphosis
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what type of insects make up the group hemimetabola?
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aquatic; gradual metamorphosis
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what type of insects make up the group holometabola?
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terrestrial or aquatic; complete metamorphosis
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what is the name of the immature stage of insects with no metamorphosis?
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nymph
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what is the name of the immature stage of insects that are terrestrial and winged?
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nymph
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what is the immature stage of the aquatic winged insects called?
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naiad
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what are the immature stages of the holometabolus called?
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larva and pupa
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what are a few examples of ametabola?
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silverfish and springtails
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what are a few examples of paurometabolous?
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grasshoppers and true bugs
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what are a few examples of hemimetabolous?
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dragonfly and mayfly
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what are a few examples of holometabolous:
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grubs and beetles
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does the pupal stage feed?
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no
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what are a few examples of larvae?
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fly maggots, beetle grub, caterpillars
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what are a few insects with pupae?
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moths, butterflies, and bees
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what does juvenile hormone do to insects?
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maintains immaturity
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what are the two ways to look at life cycles?
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generations and seasons
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seasonal life cycles are categorized by the number of --- in a year.
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generations
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seasonal life cycles are genetically fixed but modified by ---.
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the environment
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what does it mean to be univoltine?
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only one life cycle per year
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what are three things that cause seasonal adaptations?
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severe weather, climate adversity, and a lack of food
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unexpected seasonal adaptations are -- term.
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short
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what are a few solutions for unexpected adversity?
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leaving the area, becoming quiescent (not moving)
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predictable adversity is -- term.
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long
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what is the solution to predictable adversity?
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genetic alterations, particularly concerning dormancy
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what is summer dormancy called?
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aestivation
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what is winter dormancy called?
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hibernation
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what are the two most common forms of insects in dormancy?
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egg and pupil
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what is supercooling in relation to hibernation?
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lowering the freezing temperature of water in the blood
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what are the two mechanisms of cold hardiness of insects?
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supercooling and freezing tolerance
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what is overwintering?
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the process of getting through the winter
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what is diapause?
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a physiological condition characterized by low metabolism, no development, reduced activity, resistance to adversity
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diapause is -- regulated.
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hormonally
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what is an example of an environmental cue triggering a hormonal response?
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photoperiod
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what is the definition of taxonomy?
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study of classification schemes
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what is the definition of systematics?
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the study of diversity and classification
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what is the definition of classification?
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naming of organisms; Genus species Author
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what make up the order collembola?
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springtails
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what is the only order not in the insect subclass?
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collembola (springtails)
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springtails are --- wingless.
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primatively
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which order jumps with its furcula and tenaculum?
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collembola (springtails)
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what insects make up the order thysanura?
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silverfish and firebrats
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silverfish and firebrats are -- wingless.
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primatively
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which order molts and grows after adulthood?
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thysanura (silverfish and firebrats)
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what insects make up the order ephemeroptera?
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mayflies
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which order has two pairs of triangle wings?
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ephemeroptera (mayflies)
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which order moles after it is winged once?
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ephemeroptera (mayflies)
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what insects make up the order odonata?
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damselfies and dragonflies
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the order odonata's eating habit is --.
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predatory
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how does one tell the difference between damselflies and dragonflies?
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damselflies put their wings back and together at rest
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what type of insects make up the order orthoptera?
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grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids
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what is the largest order of insects?
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orthoptera
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which order jumps from its hind legs?
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orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets)
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which order hears from its tibias?
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orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets)
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which insects make up the order phasmatodea?
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walking sticks
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which order can regenerate its legs?
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phasmatodea (walking sticks)
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what insects make up the order mantodea?
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praying mantis
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which two orders lay eggs in an ootheca?
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mantodea (praying mantis) and blattodea (cockroaches)
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what insects make up the order blattodea?
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cockroaches
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which order has cursorial legs (fast runners)?
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blattodea (cockroaches)
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which insects make up the order dermoptera?
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earwigs
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which order has leathery elytra?
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dermoptera (earwigs)
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which insects make up the order isoptera?
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termites
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which order has a caste system?
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isoptera (termites)
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which insects make up the order phthiraptera?
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lice
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which orders have legs modified for grasping?
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phthiraptera (lice) and mantodea (praying mantis)
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which insects make up the order thysanoptera?
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thirps
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which order has fringed wings?
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thysanoptera (thirps)
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which insects make up the order hemiptera?
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true bugs, aphids, and acadas
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which insects make up the order neuroptera?
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lacewings, antilions, daboon flies
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which insects make up the order coleoptera?
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beetles and weevils
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which order of insects is the largest?
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coleoptera (beetles and weevils)
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what order coleoptera has which common wing formation among beetles?
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elytra
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the family carabidae (ground beetles) is from which order?
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coleoptera
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which insects make up the family carabidae?
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ground beetles
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which order is the family scarabaeidae in?
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coleoptera
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which insects make up the famliy scarabaedae?
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scarab beetles and dung beetles
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which order is the family coccinellidae in?
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coleoptera
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which insects make up the family coccinellidae?
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ladybird beetles (ladybugs)
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the japanese beetle and the june beetle are members of which family?
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scarabaedea
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which family is known as the white grubs?
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scarabadae
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which family has larvae with spines?
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coccinellidae (ladybeetles)
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which order is the family chrysomelidae in?
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coleoptera
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which insects make up the family chrysomelidae?
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leaf beetles
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the colorado potato beetle is a member of which family?
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chrysomelidae
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which order is the family curculionidae in?
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coleoptera
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which insects make up the family curculionidae?
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weevils and snout beetles
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what is a unique characteristic of the family curculionidae?
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a long snout with chewing parts
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which insects make up the order hymenoptera?
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bees, wasps, ants, sawflies
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which order is known for being social?
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hymenoptera
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what is the difference between a sawfly and a wasp?
|
sawflies have thick waists and their ovipositors are not stingers
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which order is the family formicidae in?
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hymenoptera
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which insects make up the family formicidae?
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ants
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when are ants winged?
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only at swarming
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which order are parasitic wasps in?
|
hymenoptera
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what is a parasitoid?
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an insect that lays its eggs in or on a host so that its larvae can consume the host.
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which insects make up the order diptera?
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flies, mosquitoes, blow flies, gnats
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which order has halters?
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diptera
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which order does the family culicidae belong to?
|
diptera
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which insects make up the family culicidae?
|
mosquitoes
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which order does the family tachinidae belong to?
|
diptera
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tachinid flies of the family tachinidae are parasitoids that deposit their eggs --- its host.
|
on; larvae eat it alive
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which order does the family muscidae belong to?
|
diptera
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which insects make up the family muscidae?
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house flies, stable flies, tsetse flies
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