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45 Cards in this Set
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Great Migration
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Mass migration of some 60,000 English people to the Americas in the 1600s
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Magna Carta
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(1215) Signed by King John of England; document that limited the power of the moarchy, guaranteed basic liberties for nobles, and protected trading rights
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Middle Passage
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Voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
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Crusades
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(1096-1221) Series of five wars fought between Christians and Muslims for control of Palestine
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Boston Massacre
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(1770) Incident in which British soldiers fired into a group of colonists gathered in front of a customs house, killing several people
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Great Compromise
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(1787) Agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention; granted each state an equal voice in the upper house of the legislature and representation according to population in the lower house
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Republicanism
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Belief that everyone was born with "natural rights" (John Locke)
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Three-Fifth's Compromise
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(1787) Stated that 3/5 of a state's slave population would count in determining that state's representation in th elower house of Congress
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Boston Tea Party
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(1773) Protest against the Tea Act in which a group of colonists boarded British tea ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor
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Emancipation Proclamation
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(1863) Order announced by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 that freed the slaves in areas rebelling against the union; took effect January 1, 1863
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Anaconda Plan
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Union plan during the civil war for a naval blockade; compared to an Anaconda snake
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Patriots
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Colonists who supported independence during the Revolutionary War
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Nationalism
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National pride or loyalty
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Antebellum
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Pre-Civil War
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Hajj
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Trip made by Muslims to the Islamic holy city of Mecca
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Great Awakening
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Series of religious revivals that swept through the British colonies in mid-1700s
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Writs of Assistance
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Special search warrants that allowed colonial tax collectors to search for smuggled goods
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Checks and Balances
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system established by the constitution; allows for sharing of power among branches of government and prevents any one from becoming too powerful
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Strict Construction
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Philosophy of narrowly interpreting the Constitution; holds that thegovernment can do only what the Constitution specifically allows
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Missouri Compromise
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(1820) Agreement proposed by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, Maine to enter as a free state, and banned slavery in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36°30' line
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Nativism
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Favoring native-born Americans over foreign-born
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Specie
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Gold or silver that a bank held to back up its notes
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XYZ Affair
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(1797) Incident in which French agents demanded a bribe and loan from U.S. diplomats in exchange for discussing an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships; led to an undeclared naval war between the United States and France
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Clermont
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(1807) The first steamboat capable of carrying heavy loads upstream
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Adams-Onis Treaty
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(1819) Agreement inwhich Spain transferred East Folrida to the United States
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12th Amendment
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(1804) Constitutional amendment that created a separate ballot for president and vice president
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Interhangable Parts
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Process developed by Eli Whitney in the 1790's that called for mass production by use of identical, replaceable parts
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Marbury v. Madison
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(1803) Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review
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Midnight Judges
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Appointed Federalists by President Adams on his last day in office to a number of new circuit posts
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Prohibition
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Complete ban on the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol
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Oregon Trail
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Route to Oregon Territory in the 1800's
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Fugitive Slave Act
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(1850) Law that made it a federal crime to help runaway slaves and allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves even in areas where slavery was illegal
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Popular Sovereignty
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Practice of allowig voters in a territory to decide whether to permit slavery there
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Mayflower Compact
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(1620) Document written by Pilgrim settlers that established a self-governing colony based on majority rule of male church members
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Republican Motherhood
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Concept in the early American republic proposing that women could influence politics and society through their work in the home
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Monroe Doctrine
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(1823) President James Monroe's statement that the United States would not iterfere in European colonies in Latin America but would consider any new attempt to colonize in the Western Hemisphere
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54th Massachusetts Infantry
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African American Union regiment that helped capture Fort Wagner in South Carolina during the Civil War
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Republic
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System of government run by elected officials
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Mercantilism
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Economic system in which a noation's power is tied to its stock of precious metals
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Hessians
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Hired soldiers primarily from the German state of Hesse; sent to help defeat the Americans
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Impeachment
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Process of bringing charges against the president
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Loose Contruction
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Philosophy of constitutional interpretation; holds that within broad limits the government can do anything the Consitution does not specifically forbid
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Trail of Tears
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(1838-39) An 800-mile forced march the Cherokee made from their homeland in the Southeast to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma; resulted in the deaths of almost one quarter of the tribe's members
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Manifest Destiny
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Belief of many Americans in the mid-1800's that God intended the United States to expand westward
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Jenny Hederick
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Terms/Events
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