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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is social contract theory?

The view that behaviour is governed by an agreement among members of our society.

Why did Socrates say he did not try to escape from prison?

He said that he was obligated to follow the law because he benefited from the laws, he had an opportunity to change the laws or move, he had agreed to follow the laws, and if he disobeyed the laws he would injure the state.

Justification for political obligation (according to Hobbes)

People are naturally selfish, but because they are rational they choose to live under a higher authority of government in order to have a civil society which benefits them

What is the Veil of Ignorance?

A point of view from which we choose principle where we are unaware of our own circumstances. Basically we wouldn't choose principles or rules that only benefit one gender or race. etc.



Advantages of value-laden principles?

Shorter than list of does and don'ts


Applicable to new technology


Non-technical

Disadvantages of value-laden principles?

Need interpretation


Difficult to solve specific ethical dilemmas

What does a professional code of ethics do?

Client knows what to expect in a contract,


additional requirements of engineer;s conduct above legal requirements

Conflict of interest

When a professional has conflicting obligations which cannot all be met.

Influences on our decisions

1) Assessment of Risk


2) External and Internal Pressure


3) Rationalization

Whistleblowing

Dealing with an internal issue by going to an external resource.

Invisible Hand Argument

Idea that maximizing profit produces the best outcome for society.

Gratuities/Tip

Material benefit given in exchange for a service.

Bribe

material benefit offered to influence another's decision.



Contract Underbidding

Company gives a lower bid on a contract even though they know the project will require more money at a later time.

Bid Rigging

A bunch of companies get together and make all their bids high except for one which will get the contract even though it is still high.

Kickbacks

A bidding company pays (illegal) the person deciding on the contract award. Also agreeing to do something that the deciding company wants.

Resume Padding

Making it look like you have more experience than you do.



Kantian business Ethics

Take care of employees, union rights, good wage for independence, job security, disagree with company without fear of losing job.

Anthropocentric theories

ethical debates are centred on what is best for humans.

Aristotelian business ethics

A virtuous business is one that fulfills its purpose the best.

Consequentialist business ethics

look at the consequences

Intellectual Property includes these:

Copyright, Patents, Trademarks, Industrial Designs, IC topographies

Copyright term of protection in Canada

50 years

Patents term of protection

20 years non-renewable

Trademarks term of protection

15 years, renewable, must be used and distinctive

Industrial Designs term of protection

10 years, has to do with look of something

Integrated circuit topographies

10 year protection

Tort

breach of a duty of care that causes loss or injury to the other party

Negligence

Unintentional tort, must include duty of care, breach of that duty, suffered loss, loss caused by breach

Fraud

Intentional tort, deceit

Fiduciary Duty

Special relationship of trust, ex, Doctor must put the beneficiary's interests ahead of their own

Trespass

strict liability tort, plaintiff not required to prove intention or neglect