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humid

رطب wet clammy

region

منطقه area zone part


اقليم province county section


حقل field farm

Coastal region

staple

اساسي essential main


رئيسي major


السلعه الرئيسيه مسمار


تشبث

Identify regional staple foods.

Wheat

قمح

Wheat and corn grow well in the cooler central part of the country.

Crops

المحاصيل

They grow crops, such as grapes, on small areas of flat land called terraces

grape

عنب

They grow crops, such as grapes, on small areas of flat land called terraces

terrace

شرفه رصيف مقهى

They grow crops, such as grapes, on small areas of flat land called terraces

surface

السطح سطحي

The study of the surface of the earth ...geography

pattern

نمط قدوه مثال


صمم قولب

normal weather patterns ..climate

moist

رطب wet humid

Describes air that is moist


..humid

Pretty dry

جافه جدا

I visited my cousins in the south. It's very flat there. No moutains or hills, and it's pretty dry for most of year.

pretend

تظاهر


تصنع make up

Talk to a partner. What do people usually eat where you live? Then pretend it's a special day or holiday. What are people eating right now?

Paddy

حقل الارز

What is happening in the rice paddy today?

seed

بذره

People are planting seeds in the ground.

harvest

حصاد محصول product crop

A worker harvests olives in an olive grove.

grove

بستان garden

A worker harvests olives in an olive grove.

legume

سنفنه بقوليات

Lentils are a kind of legume.

legume

سنفنه بقوليات

Lentils are a kind of legume.

Soybeans

فول الصويا

Soy sauce is made from soybeans.

yam

Potato

Consumer

مستهلك

China is the world's largest consumer of rice.

Millet

دخن

Oats

الشوفان بدون اس شعر بالتعب

occasion

مناسبه حدث happen

They always ate it on special occasions.

dough

عجين

People were baking bread dough on hot rocks in the stone age.

gather

جمع collect اخذ take

Stone age people gathered ancient types of wheat and other grains.

batter

خليط ضارب الكره

They mixed the grains into a batter.

Pour

صب

Then they poured the batter onto rocks in the their campfires.

Pour

صب

Then they poured the batter onto rocks in the their campfires.

Campfires

نيران نار المخيم

Then they poured the batter onto rocks in the their campfires.

Crust

قشره

What they got was a flat bread the first pizza crust.

Prehistoric

ماقبل التاريخ

In time, prehistoric bakers started using the flat bread as a plate.

Despite

على الرغم من

Despite the danger, pizza was soon a big hit .

hardly

بالكاد

Of course. Americans are hardly the only pizza lovers.

topping

الاضافات

Our choices for toppings vary widely

Vary

تختلف تغير تفاوت change alter differ

Our choices for toppings vary widely

lamb

خروف صغير حمل

People in india use lamb and tofu.

response

استجابه


رد answer


رد فعل reaction

Read the email and write a response.

forbidden

ممنوع


محضور unlawful


محرم

Forbidden fruit

forbidden

ممنوع


محضور unlawful


محرم

Forbidden fruit

fragrant

عبق فواح عطر

disgusting

مقزز


قبيح ugly


مثير للأشمئزاز

rid

تخلص من get rid of

How can you get rid of the odor?

staff

العاملين طاقم

Hotel staff watch for people bringing in durian fruit

Warfare

حرب war


قتال fighting

It presents the problem in terms of warfare.

invasion

غزو


اجتياح overrun

For example, durian season is a seasonal invasion.

Smuggle

تهريب


هرب


هرب البضائع

Gusts smuggles the fruit into their rooms like spies with secret information for a general.

Spy

جاسوس


مخبر intelligencer

Gusts smuggles the fruit into their rooms like spies with secret information for a general.

maintain

الحفاظ look after


صان


بقي على

The hotel managers maintain a constant vigil.

constant

ثابت


مستمر continuous


غير متغير

The hotel managers maintain a constant vigil.

Vigil

يقظه watchfulness wake


سهر


حلم اليقظه


عيشه العيد eve

The hotel managers maintain a constant vigil.

alert

انذار notification warning


حذر


متنبهه


There is a durian alert, or an emergency situation.

float

تطفو تعوم

A floating market

intolerable

لا يطاق impossible


لا يحتمل مفرط

Describe three foods that are popular in yor culture, but that people from other cultures might find disgusting or intolerable.

Brainstorm a list

تبادل الافكار القائمه . العصف الذهني

Brainstorm a list of ways to prevent people from bringing durian fruit into their hotel rooms.

gesture

ايماءة sign


اشاره signal


ومأ

gesture

ايماءة sign


اشاره signal


ومأ

greet

رحب welcome


حيا salaam

Shake

هزه مصافحه handshake اهتز

In a more formal situation, we shake hands and say "How do you do?"

scuba

Linda's taken a scuba diving class.

elevator

مصعد lift


رافع lifter header


رافعه الاثقال


How long have you been waiting for the elevator?

overcome

تغلب beat


قهر


هزم


سيطر

This helps people overcome any shyness or embarrassment.

overcome

تغلب beat


قهر


هزم


سيطر

This helps people overcome any shyness or embarrassment.

embarrassment

مشاكل ماليه


حيره confusion


ارتباك


عائق

This helps people overcome any shyness or embarrassment.

emphasis

تشديد توكيد

We use already to talk about something that happened in the past. It is used for emphasis in questions.......... . Has ahmad already left?

continent

قاره البر الاصلي


عفيف pure (adj)


مستعصم

Has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world.

reflect

تعكس

They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world.

Landscape

المناظر الطبيعيه

as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England

District

منطقه area zone region


حي neighborhood


قسم

as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England

Privilege

امتياز excellence


شرف credit


ميزه


هبه gift


ميز منح اامتياز

The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into people's lives.

Overwhelm

سحق crush


قهر overcome


اربك embarrass

And I am often overwhelmed by how quickly people welcome me.

career

مهنه job occupation profession


السيره


تقدم headway


سرعه


سرع انطلق

Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography.

career

مهنه job occupation profession


السيره


تقدم headway


سرعه


سرع انطلق

Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography.

Volunteer

تطوع


متطوع voluntary volunteer


متبرع benefactor


You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that cant afford to hire a professional photographer.

local

محلي


قطار بطيئ

You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that cant afford to hire a professional photographer.

afford

تحمل


اعطى


قدر على شراء شيئ

You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that cant afford to hire a professional photographer.

hire

توظيف


تأجير rent


استأجار

You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that cant afford to hire a professional photographer.

reward

مكافأه rewarding pay payoff


كافأ repay


The connection you make could be very rewarding

Portrait

صوره image picture photograph


لوحه panel drawing

Portrait by Annie Griffiths Belt

bold

بالخط العريض


جريء


جسور


وقح


واضح

Read about the video and check the meanings of the words in bold

Primate

حيوان رئيسي


كبير الاساقفه


زعيم boss leader

Orangutans are large, intelligent primate.

Symbol

رمز code character icon


مثال ideal example

They can, however, learn to connect symbols to objects.

represent

تركيز


وضح


شرح


استعرض

Words are also symbols for the real objects they represent.

Stimulate

حفز catalyze


حث


نشط activate

Shumaker believe the language program is mentally stimulating for the orangutans.

exhibit

معرض


presentation عرض


عرض ابدى

Part of a zoo exhibit called Think Tank.

scrape

كشط rub of


حك

Skyscraper

Commute

يسافر يوميا الى العمل


التنقل

Its better to live in a suburb outside of the city, and commute to a job downtown by car

jam

مربى butter


مأزق


زحمه مواصلات


فرمله brake

Traffic jam = so many cars in the street that they cant move

Scale

مقياس measure


جدول


تدرج


مستوى

slum

حي الفقراء


عاش في بؤس وذل

Many new residents cant find any housing for their families, so they live in slums. These are places where people find empty land and build small huts.

slum

حي الفقراء


عاش في بؤس وذل

Many new residents cant find any housing for their families, so they live in slums. These are places where people find empty land and build small huts.

empty

فارغ


فرغ خلى


احمق foolish stupid


جائع hungry

Many new residents cant find any housing for their families, so they live in slums. These are places where people find empty land and build small huts.

janitor

بواب doorman


حاجب


ناطور

Now he works as a janitor, and his house has three rooms and a flower garden.

burgeon

ازدهر boom flourish


تبرعم bud


برعم bud

Burgeoning Big Cities.

boundary

حدود border limit outlines


حد end border limit edge


present day boundaries shown


Source: U.N Population Division NG maps

Division

قطاع province county district


قسم section department


شعبه


انفصال

present day boundaries shownSource: U.N Population Division NG maps

masterpiece

تحفه masterwork


عمل فني مميز

The Bouananiya Medersa in Fes, morocco, is masterpiece of art. Its in very bad condition now.

fountain

نافوره fount


ينبوع font


سبيل للشرب

But people are working to restore its walls and fontains.

Preserve

الحفاظ على maintain


علب put up


وقى keep


منطقه محميه

Now, private organizations are trying to preserve these buildings for the future.

heritage

تراث tradition


ميراث inheritage inheritance


ارث patrimony

They hope all people can enjoy morocco's heritage.

Pyramids

الاهرام

The Pyramids at Giza, a popular tourist attraction.

attraction

جاذبيه attractiveness


تجاذب gravitation

The Pyramids at Giza, a popular tourist attraction.

remedy

علاج medication medicament


دواء


عالج medicate medicine

Suggest helpful natural remedies

artery

شريان

These carry blood around your body: artery , vein

Vein

وريد

These carry blood around your body: artery , vein

muscle

عضله


شق طريقه بالقوه

This makes yor body moves : muscle

liver

كبد عائش

This does many different things : liver

digest

استوعب ingest realize


هضم


يلخص summarize


موجز summary

These digest food : stomach, large intestine, small intestine

Stomach

معده belly

These digest food : stomach, large intestine, small intestine

intestine

الامعاء


داخلي indoor

These digest food : stomach, large intestine, small intestine

Organ

عضو من الجسم

The skin is the body's largest organ.

fist

قبضه grip handful


ضرب بجمع الكف

Yor heart is as large as yor fist.

among

من بين


بين between through


فيما بين amongest


في in at

Superlatives sentences express extremes among three or more people or things.

elderly

كبار السن old


كهل كهولي

Some elderly people are as healthy as some young people.

Knees

ركبتين


ركبه knee

I agree. Running is bad for your knees.

stew

حساء


خنه طهاء كان في خطر

What are eating? It looks good.


Its fish stew and its good

determine

تحدد حدد set mark


قرر decide


رسم الحدود border

What determinses how healthy you are?

manner

اسلوب style method way


سلوك action


حاله condition

lifestyle = the manner in wich we live.

sibling

اخوان اشقاء


نسيب relation

Family history: parents, grandparents, aunts , uncles , siblings.

sibling

اخوان اشقاء


نسيب relation

Family history: parents, grandparents, aunts , uncles , siblings.

strict

صارم tough


متشدد hard


قاس harsh

Its a stricter religion than my religion.

reassure

طمأن assure


اعاد التأمين

Today's news was more reassuring than yesterday's news.

towel

منشفه


فوطه spread


نشف بفوطه

He took the softest towel in the house

ail

توعك


مرض become ill


وجع pain


الاسم منها ailment وعكه مرض داء

Language expansion everyday ailments

acne

حب الشباب pit


بثره

For teenagers with acne or other skin problems, there's a miracle cream.

dandruff

قشره الرأس

A new shampoo will take care of the dandruff in your hair.

sore

التهاب قرحه


موجع painful


متقرح


جدد الجراح


على نحو موجع


throat

حلق

And good old fashioned aspirin will take care of your headache or sore throat.

insomnia

الارق wakefulness sleeplessness

Are you suffering from insomnia?there's is a pill to help you fall asleep

Pill

حبه دواء


كره تنس غولف طاقيه

Are you suffering from insomnia?there's is a pill to help you fall asleep

nausea

غثيان sickness


قرف disgust


اشمئزاز

drink some medicine to take care of the nausea

hiccup

حازوق


فواق hiccugh


You have the hicvups? Well, you won't find anything at the pharmacy for hiccups, but you can bet there's a company working on a new product right now

bet

رهان مراهنه هبه

You have the hicvups? Well, you won't find anything at the pharmacy for hiccups, but you can bet there's a company working on a new product right now

spot

بقعه


موقع


فوري

acne = a skin condition of red spots, especially on the face

sharp

حاد


ذكي

hiccups =a sharp sound you make in your throat.

vomit

قيء

nausea = a feeling like you are going to vomit

Chamomile

بابونج camomile

Garlic for a cold? Chamomile tea for bad breath?

garlic

ثوم

Garlic for a cold? Chamomile tea for bad breath?

cure

شفاء recovery medicament


تمليح اللحم


عالج داوى

These days, mors and more people are turning to there grandparents remedies to cure the minor illnesses and problems of everyday life.

minor

تحت السن القانوني


قاصر


غير خطير


موضوع ثانوي

These days, mors and more people are turning to there grandparents remedies to cure the minor illnesses and problems of everyday life.

bite

عضه لدغ اكل مضغه

Head to the grocery store for lemons to stop the hiccups (Bite into a thick slice)

ginger

زنجبيل

ginger to end nausea (grind it and add hot water to make a tea)

grind

طحن crush

ginger to end nausea (grind it and add hot water to make a tea)

scalp

فروه الرأس


سلخ فروه الرأس


ضارب في البورصه

Olive oil to cure dandruff (Rub it into the scalp before shampooing)

cucumber

خيار

Cucumbers to reduce acne (Eat them often)

forehead

جبين جبهه front

onions to relieve headache (put slices on your forehead, close your eyes, and relax.)

relieve

يزيل يخفف relax

onions to relieve headache (put slices on your forehead, close your eyes, and relax.)

infinitive

صيغه المصدر

Grammer: infinitive of purpose

lotion

محلول غسل مستحضر سائل للغسل

I always use lotion with sunscreen to protect my skin.

Plenty

وفره


كثره great number

Get plenty of sleep at night to increase yor concentration during the day.

concentration

تركيز focus concentricity


كثافه consistency


Get plenty of sleep at night to increase yor concentration during the day.

Tiny

صغير جدا


بالغ الصغر


دقيق

Tiny invaders.


Bacteria are tiny creatures


flu

الانفلونزا

Viruses cause illnesses such as the flu and measles

measles

الحصبه مرض

Viruses cause illnesses such as the flu and measles

infection

عدوى


تلوث pollution


عفانه

Bacteria can cause sore throats and ear infections.

defence

دفاع

Your skin is the first defence against germs.

soap

صابون

You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing with soap and water.

immune

مناعه


حصين منيع


مستثنى


معفى free from

Once germs are inside your body, your immune system tries to protect you.

Vaccine

لقاح

You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccineated. Vacines are medicines.

Sincerely

باخلاص whole heartedly heartily


بأمانه closely

Sincerely Naseem

tissue

مناديل ورقيه


قماش cloth textile


نسيج رقيق


سلسله اكاذيب


circulatory

الدمويه


مستدير round roundish circular

The circulatory system is the heart

respiratory

تنفسي

The respiratory system is the lungs.

respiratory

تنفسي

The respiratory system is the lungs.

nervous

متوتر tense


عصبي


عصبي المزاج


قلق concerned worried

The nervous system is the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

spine

العمود الفقري bakebone column


شوكه fork


ظهر الكتاب


قمه جبل summit top

The nervous system is the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Cord

حبل


خيط

The nervous system is the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

sperm

نطفه مني semen


بذره seed grain


جرثومه germ


العنبر حيوان عظيم


زيت العنبر

The reproductive system is the is egg cells and sperm cells

neuron

الخلايا العصبيه

Another word for nerve cells is neorons.

divide

يقسم الانقسامات


فرق


تفرق

The human body begins as a single cell that divides

major

رائد كبير رئيسي

Each of 10 major organ systems in the human machine performs a special job.

deliver

ايصال


نقل transfer

The lungs pull in air,delivering oxygen as the air travels through 1500 miles of airways.

athlete

رياضي sportsman

You are in charge of designing a training program for an Olympic athlete.

title

عنوان


لقب nickname surname

Look at the title of this unit.

instrument

صك


اداه tool


آلة mechine


جهاز device

To me, learning to play a musical instrument is an adventure.

violin

كمان violinist

The only equipment you need is a violin, guitar,or in my case is an oud.

violin

كمان violinist

The only equipment you need is a violin, guitar,or in my case is an oud.

guitar

غيتار

The only equipment you need is a violin, guitar,or in my case is an oud.

bench

مقعد couch


جلس sit

When the reporters arrived,Mr. Chen was resting on a bench.

interrupted

متقطع

To talk about an event in a progress in the past that was interrupted, we can use a simple past time clause with when.

polar

قطبي

Polar bear

bear

يتحمل afford


تلد


اعطى give


دب

Polar bear.

Penguin

بطريق طائر

African penguin

Penguin

بطريق طائر

African penguin

marsh

مستنقع swamp sump


سبخه

Walking through marshes

acre

فدان


قطعه ارض

How many acres are now protected by the government?

Set out

يضع


انطلق go start


عرض display show offer


خطط plan program design


بداء رحله set off

Takahashi was only 14 years old when he set out on an amazing adventure.

engine

محرك

Then after three weeks his engine died

Put up with

تحمل afford bear


He put up with hot sun and strong wind.

upset

مضطرب uneasy confused


منزعج annoyed


قلق worried restless


اضطراب trouble


قلب ازعج

Put up with means accept something bad without being upset.

Combination

مزيج


مجموعه grup collection

Phrasal verb are tow or three word combinations that have a special meaning.

lake

بحيره lakelet

It's strong enough to sail in a lake

hike

رفع raise left


تنزه walk


سافر travel fly


نزهه طويله


رحله مشي على الاقدام

I'll go hiking every weekend.

arctic

الهادي


قطبي شمالي

Arctic dreams and nightmares

nightmare

كابوس


حلم مروع


بس mare فرس انثى الخيل

Arctic dreams and nightmares

Pole

عمود


القطب


بولندي polish


انخدع

Ousland and Horn at North Pole

expedition

بعثه mission


حمله


عجله wheel

Boerge Ousland and Mike Horn were beginning the most expeditions in history.

tent

خيمه

They were wating in their tent when Boerge heard a strange noise.

ripped

مزق


انشق


يمزق rip

Suddenly, the tent ripped open.

grab

اختطف


انتزاع

The bear grabbed some of their food

Sledge

تمزلج sled


مزلجه slide water ski



They walked on skis, and pulled sledges behind them.

Slide

ينزلق

The sledges could float on water and slide on snow

Kit

عده equipment


معدات tools


اشياء stuff

He took medicine from their emergency kit.

injure

جرح hurt cut


آذى harm

When I fell and I injured my leg

leg

رجل ساق

When I fell and I injured my leg

transect

المسح الشامل

megatransect project

milestone

معلما


معلم حدث هام

Use the simple past tense and past perfect tense to talk about milestones in your life

milestone

معلما


معلم حدث هام

Use the simple past tense and past perfect tense to talk about milestones in your life

caption

شرح explanation commentary


عنوان فرعي subtitle subhead


عنوان لمقال او صوره

Complete the photo captions with a phrase from the box.

infancy

طفوله babyhood


القصور


سن القصور nonage

from infancy to childhood

adolescence

مرحله المراهقهteenage

from adolescence to adulthood

senior

اول


كبير


اكبر سنا elder


الاكبر greater


الارشد


الاعلى مقاما

Old age . He's a senior citizen.

polite

مؤدب kindly kind


مهذب polished


رفيع fine thin


لطيف nice kind friendly


Politely =gently

You can say Oh, l don't know about that to disagree politely with someone.

mature

ناضج


راشد adult


mature mean old enough to be responsible and make good decisions

mature

ناضج


راشد adult


mature mean old enough to be responsible and make good decisions

decision

قرار resolution


حكم rule judgment


mature mean old enough to be responsible and make good decisions

retired

تقاعد

Retired mean stopped working (often after 65)

Ceremony

مراسم طقوس تشريفات

The sunrise Ceremony lasts for four days

sponsor

كفيل


رعايه nursing care sponsorship


ولي protector


Older relatives and a medicine man helped us choose my sponsors.

eagle

نسر vulture

One of my sponsors dressed me and put an eaglr father on my head

Shell

الصدف


جمع الاصداف

And a shell pendant on my forhead

pendant

قلاده necklace

And a shell pendant on my forhead

bell

جرس cowbell


ناقوس bell jar


دق الجرس bell out

The dress is very special. It's made of soft leather, with 200 tiny bells

Even though

بالرغم من ذللك


رغم ان

Even though it's my first language I didn't understand all his words

ground up stones

الحجاره على الارض

One of my sponsors painted my dress and my skin with paint made from corn and four colors of ground up stones.

bless

بارك congratulate


قدس

On monday ,the last day , there were more blessing and visiting with our family and friends.

glad

سعيد happy joyful merry


مسرور

I'm realy glad I had a sunrise ceremony.

bride

عروسه

bride

عروسه

groom

عريس bridegroom


اعتنى care


رعى


نظم organize

Luxury

ترف richness


كمالي


رفاهيه

Rank the luxury items from the pichtures from the most describable the the least.

Luxury

ترف richness


كمالي


رفاهيه

Rank the luxury items from the pichtures from the most describable the the least.

desire

رغبه wish willingness


شهوه امنيه


رغب طلب تاق

Evaluate the way advertising creates dedire for products.

Oyster

محار shellfish


الصموت شخص كثير ااصمت


Smooth, round, white objects formed naturally in oysters pearls

fur

فرو


صوف wool

A coat made from the hairy skin of an animal. fur coat

bracelet

سوار

decorative items that people were like rings,bracelets , and necklaces . Jewelry

Passive

سلبي negative


غير فعال


كسول lazy

Opals

حجر كريم


اوبال تتغير الوانها

Precious stones such as diamonds and opals are seperated from tons of rock

requires

يتطلب


يحتاج need

Amd that requires expensive mechinery.

distant

بعيد far


غير ودي


Imported luxury items are brought in from distant countries.

mined

ازالتها من سطح الارض


Removed from the earth's surface

Diamons are mined in several countries.

Co-op

تعاوني cooperative

It was made by women in a co-op

Profit

ربح gain


عائد مكسب

Then sell directly to the stores and keep the profit.

daisies

البابونج زهره الربيع

Packing colorful daisies in boxes

Content

يحتوي


مضمون meaning


قانع

Content words vs function words

function

وظيفيه do smal job

Content words vs function words

Conjunction

العطف connective


اقتران wedding


Pirate

قرصان


سارق thief


خاطف hijacker

The children listened to a story about pirates

Carnation

قرنفل pink peach

Roses and carnatoins are popular kinds of flowers.

Copper

نحاس

Gold can be mixed with copper to give it red color

ruby

Jewel ياقوت red jewel

I like diamonds and rubies , but they'r very expensive

appropriate

مناسبsuitable right

Write each item in the appropriate column

futniture

اثاث المنزل

dig

حفر


طالب مجتهد تعمق


dug محفور mined

Precious stones are dug from the ground

Cracker

بسكويته رقيقه


كساره الجوز

Salty caviar is spread on a cracker and eaten.

Shelter

مأوى

Necessities are things we need such as food and shelter.

lance

رمح

Essence

جوهر


خلاصه summary

Perfume: the essence of illusion

illusion

وهم


خيال fantasy fiction


انخداع

Perfume: the essence of illusion

indulgence

تساهل انغماس حلم مهله تدليل

For me perfume is an indulgence.

Flavor

نكهه taste


صفه مميزه characteristic


منكه flavour


تبل spice salt

"Perfume" says Sophia Grojsman of international Flavor & Fragrance

Fragrance

عبير perfume


اريج scent


شذا

Vita

سيره حياه


لمحه من سيره حياه المؤلف

Consider the labels on the fragrances we buy: joy ,Dolce Vita , pleasures , white diamonds , Beautiful.

Cosmetic

تجميلي


مستحضرات التجميل cosmetics

Founder of the Revlon cosmetics company

aromatic

عطري


فواح fragrant

Fragrances are mixture of aromatic oils and alcohol.

Eau de

ماء التزيين

Eau de perfume has a 15 to 22 percent concentration

concentration

تركيز focus

Eau de perfume has a 15 to 22 percent concentration

Cologne

كولونيا

And cologne contains less than 5 percent oils

fixatives

المثبتات

The fixatives or oils that make a fragance ladt a long time .

notably

عل نحو فذ


لاسيما

The other ingredients came from plants, most notably flowers.

renowned

Famous

The area around grasse france is renowned for it flower plantations

lavender

اللون الارجواني


الخزامي

Farmers like Joseph Mul have been producing roses, jasmine and lavender for centuries.

extract

استخراج


مقتطف


خلاصه summary

Mul's rose absolute, a liquid extracted from rose petals.

Petal

بتله النبات

Mul's rose absolute, a liquid extracted from rose petals.

Petal

بتله النبات

Mul's rose absolute, a liquid extracted from rose petals.

harvest

حصاد harvester gathering


محصول crop


موسم الحصاد


كسب

The rose petals are carefully harvested by hand during the early morning.

Wilt

ذبول


ذبل

By ten o'clock the heat of the sun being to wilt the flowers

labor

عمل work job business


جهد effort

Labor is 60 percent of the cost

lilac

Purple magenta ارجواني


زهره عطره

Synthetics also allow perfumers to use scents such as lilac that cannot be obtained naturally.

obtain

الحصول على gain


تحصل get

Musk

مسك

Synthetics save wild animals from being used for thier musk as well.

Convince

اقناع قنع ب

The industry spends hundreds of millions of dollars each year to convince people to buy something they dont really need

enchant

يسحر سبي


فتن fascinate

Its also the only way to let the world know about a fragrance so enchanting the it can make us believe our dreams will come true.

gradually

تدريجيا progressively


by degrees


Not a bit

Wilt = a flower wilts , it gradually turns soft and brown because it needs water or is dying

substance

ماده material


مستوى

Musk = a substance with a strong smell that is used in making perfume

blooming

تزهر متفتح


ناضر الجمال

A woment picks night blooming jasmine flowers at down in a field in india.

illustrate

وضح explain spell


فسر

Draw a simple picture or cut out magazine photographs to illustrate your ad

Predator

المفترس


سلاب marauder

These bears are predators that eat other animals

Prey

فريسه victim


ضحيه

Their usual prey is small animals and fish

tame

كبح


اليف housebroken domestic domesticated


مروض


In the past some other kinds of tame bears performed in shows.

Camping

تخييم

Lets go camping in the national park

Mediterranean

البحر اللابيض المتوسط

Mediterranean sea

fin

زعنفه

Listen to the radio program about the bluefin tuna .

Treasure

كنز mine


ثروه wealth

If this amazing fish disappears , the seas will lose a great treasure.

sustainable

مستداما keep something last and last

Our way of fishing now is not sustainable it cant continue for a long time

Commerce

تجاره trade trading


تبادل تجاري commercial exchange

Put ads in newspaper and magazines and make a TV commercial to wxplain.

Strict

صارم tough


متشدد hard


دقيق careful

Strict laws about fishing

Outback

المناطق النائيه

The Ausralial outback is generally very dry and hot

Sum

مجموع total


مبلغ من المال

Fortune = a large sum of money

soil

تربه ارض ground land earth


لوث dirty

Ground = the earth ,soil

motivate

تحفيز stimulate


دفع pay push drive


جعل الدراسه ممتعه

Tje hope of a huge payoff motivates people to dig for obals.

eventually

اخيرا finally lastly ultimately at last lately


في اخر مره last time

Most people in Coober Pedy make a fortune eventually


tunnel

نفق subway

Some of the holes and tunnels in coober pedy are later converted into homes.

Convert

Converted into تحول الى


تحول transform turn into switch


تغير change


غير دينه

Some of the holes and tunnels in coober pedy are later converted into homes.

miner

عامل منجم


زارع الالغام mine layer

Imagine that coober pedy doesn't have enough miners

Potential

محتمل possible


تيار عالي

Describe the work and potential rewards.

surround

طوق


حاشيه


لفring circle

Opal jewelry surrounded by a string of pearls.

manner

اسلوب method technique


سلوك behavior


Action

Adverbs of manner

roar

زئير صوت الاسد


هدير thunder


A lion roars loudly

Cheetah

الفهد

A cheetah runs fast

sheet

ورقه paper


صحيفه newspaper journal


غطاء الاثاث

On another sheet of paper write a sentence using the adverb

Omnivore

آكل الحيوان والنبات

They are omnivore animals that eat both plants and animals.

cans

علب box can


علب فعل put up

They look for things like meat , bread , and potatoes in people's garbage cans.

bison

ثور امريكي


Kind of ox

Visitors see many kinds of wildlife like bison, elk and bighorn sheep in theirnatural environment.

elk

ظبي mountain goat


الالكه

Visitors see many kinds of wildlife like bison, elk and bighorn sheep in theirnatural environment.

horn

قرن


بوق السياره megaphone

Visitors see many kinds of wildlife like bison, elk and bighorn sheep in theirnatural environment.

ranch

مزرعه مواشي


مزرعه farm plantation

Ranch owners don't like wolves because they kill their sheep and cows.

Willow

صفصاف

The elk won't have enough food so they eat willow trees and kill some kinds of forests

trunk

خرطوم الفيل


جذع


صندق السياره

They can use their trunks to pick up heavy things.

herd

قطيع group

In the wild they live in herds in the forest

Weapon

سلاح arm

Less than 500 years ago many people used simple tools and weapons to do their own farming, hunting and building.

Comb

مشط


مشط do the hair

Women would use simple hairbrushes and combs made from wood ar bone

Comb

مشط


مشط do the hair

Women would use simple hairbrushes and combs made from wood ar bone

tobacco

تبغ


تدخين somking

Men used to somke tobacco in pipes

pipe

انبوب tube


ماسوره


Men used to smoke tobacco in pipes

bead

خرز

Glass beads were worn as jewelry.

pin

مسمار staple


دبوس

Pins , thimble ,and scissors found at jamestown Colony excavation

thimble

قمع الخياط


حلقه معدنيه

Pins , thimble ,and scissors found at jamestown Colony excavation

scissor

مقص cut

Pins , thimble ,and scissors found at jamestown Colony excavation

Colony

مستعمره colonization habitation


جاليه


جماعه مهاجريين

Pins , thimble ,and scissors found at jamestown Colony excavation

excavation

حفيات


حفر dig digging


حفره cavity

Pins , thimble ,and scissors found at jamestown Colony excavation

deer

elk غزال


deerskin جلد الغزال

Native Americans used to make their own shoes out of deerskin.(now most of them dont)

decoy

شرك


خدع

When early indian hunters wanted to hunt ducks,they would make duck decoy artificial ducks attract the real one

attract

جذب pull catch

When early indian hunters wanted to hunt ducks,they would make duck decoy artificial ducks attract the real one

chew

مضغ

The Aztecs udes to chew chicle, a latex from the sapodilla tree and the key ingredient in modern chewing gum

latex

لبن الشجر

The Aztecs udes to chew chicle, a latex from the sapodilla tree and the key ingredient in modern chewing gum

Trap

فخ مصيده

Today's ski jackets are similar to hooded coats Inuit women used to make from layers of skins that trapped air for greater insulation.

Trap

فخ مصيده

Today's ski jackets are similar to hooded coats Inuit women used to make from layers of skins that trapped air for greater insulation.

insulation

ماده عازله


انعزال isolation


عازل كهربائي dielectric

Today's ski jackets are similar to hooded coats Inuit women used to make from layers of skins that trapped air for greater insulation.

Parka

طاقيه


ستره فرائيه مقلنسه

carve

نحت نقش


نال win get gain

The Inuit also would crave their version of sunglasses from walurs tusks with narrow slits for people to look through.

Version

نسخه معدله


نص text


الاصدار


ترجمه translation

The Inuit also would crave their version of sunglasses from walurs tusks with narrow slits for people to look through.

Walrus

حصان البحر

The Inuit also would crave their version of sunglasses from walurs tusks with narrow slits for people to look through.

tusk

ناب tooth


مزق بالانياب

The Inuit also would carve their version of sunglasses from walurs tusks with narrow slits for people to look through.

narrow

ضيق tight


نحيل slim skinny

The Inuit also would crave their version of sunglasses from walurs tusks with narrow slits for people to look through.

bitter

مراره لاذع مرير

The maya created the first chocolate from cacao beans. The maya used to drink bitter, unsweetened mixture . Suger was added later to suite European tastes

scrub

يفرك rub


تنظيف clean

North american indians would scrub their teeth with the ragged ends with sticks , while the Aztec Indians applied salt and charchoal to their teeth.

ragged

رث الثياب اشعث


ممزق jagged


رماد

North american indians would scrub their teeth with the ragged ends with sticks , while the Aztec Indians applied salt and charchoal to their teeth

Syringe

محقنه


حقن بأبره طبيه

I'm surprised Native americans would use syringes.

bronze

لون برونزي

They would use tools made of stone or bronze but the stones are cut and placed so accurately

accurately

على نحو مظبوط


بدقه carefully narrowly


على نحو صحيح rightly exactly

They would use tools made of stone or bronze but the stones are cut and placed so accurately

dice

حجر النرد


مكعب cube


لعبه النرد table

Why did some of the colonists bring dice to the Jemestown Colony?

Territory

اقليم province


منطقه area region

Hi my name is Susie and I live in the Nunavut Territory in Canada

rifle

بندقيه gun shooter


سلب

We use modern rifles to repel the polar bears but we haven't relinquish other things.

repel

صد طرد keep away

We use modern rifles to repel the polar bears but we haven't relinquish other things.

relinquish

يتخلى عن


يتنازل give up


تخلى quit

We use modern rifles to repel the polar bears but we haven't relinquish other things.

don

put on wear dress ارتدى


We teach them don our traditional clothing to stay warm in the winter

aid

مساعدهhelp assistance r


المساعد helper assistant


ساعد assist

We teach them to always aid their family and their community

igloo

كوخ المبنى القبني الثلجي

Igllos were built from blocks of ice

voyage

رحله trip travel journey


رحله بحريه sail sailing passage

Money for voyages to the New World was provide by investor مستثمر

settle

استقر


سكن live house


استوطن settle in colonize

The first European settlement in what is now the United states began on may 14, 1608

settle

استقر


سكن live house


استوطن settle in colonize

The first European settlement in what is now the United states began on may 14, 1608

eager

حريصcalculating wishful


متحمس متلهف لي

The colony's investors in England were eager to make a profit.

fence

سوار


حاجز barrier partition


تاجر ومتلقي ومكان البيع المرسوقه


مبارز بالسيف fencing

They had no fences around their cornfields

meanwhile

وفي الوقت نفسه


في غضون meantime


خلال through

The corn that the imdians stored for the winter months, meanwhile , became a favorite food for an animal the English brought

expose

تعرض


فضح disclose unmask


كشف detect uncover

Colonists carried diseases from the Old World that Native American had never been exposed to

Smallpox

Chicken pox جدري

Diseases such as malaria,smallpox, measles and cholera were not always deadly to European.

therefore

وبالتالي thence


اذا then as long as


بناء على


من اجل ذلك الغرض

The Colombian Exchange , therefore, came at a very high cost

mass

كتلهbody


جسم organism


ضخم huge massive



تجمع collect gather group

Continent mean one of the seven great land masses in the world

route

طريق path way road

route mean a pathway of travel, a way to get to a place

cinnamon

قرفه canella

Spice mean a flavoring for foods, such as peppers or cinamon

persuade

اقناع


حث stimulate

In 1492, Columbus persuaded King Ferdinand and Queen Isbella of Spain to give him money.

Pros

الايجابيات advantages


Pro عاهره محترفه لاعب محترف

Discuss the pros and cons of tourism

Cons

السلبيات disadvantages


Con خدع trick

Discuss the pros and cons of tourism

itinerary

مسار او برنامج الرحله

Check the itinerary.

hassle

Informal word for problem or trouble


مشاحنه


صراع struggle


I have to apply for visa


That sound like a hassle.

embassy

سفاره


هيئه من الممثلين الدبلوماسيين

A visa? Yes from the embassy.

contest

مسابقه competition race quiz


مباراه match game

You and a partner have won a dream vacation in a contest.

departure

رحيل exit removal remove


مغادره leaving going away


سفر travel journey

When you are going somewhere, you go to the depatures area

terminal

محطه station


محطه نهائيه سنه نهائيه في الدراسه


اخير last final

The terminal is the big building at the airport.

prohibition

حظر منع ban

Modals of prohibition


Must not


Can't

Previous

سابق past


مسبق beforehand


ماضي last

Use the illustration on the previous page to ask and answer questions .

spectacular

مذهل amazing


مثير exciting


مشهدي scenic scenical

Thousands of visitors have come to Khumbu to enjoy the spectacular montain scenery.

trail

ممر المشاه


فيلم قصير عربه مقطوره trailer

They destroy the trails when they all walk in the same place

distribute

وزع divide


نشر

The government has got to distribute kerosene to local people.

jet

طائره نفاثه jet plane


نافوره fountain


صنبور

You can ride a fast jetboat through shallow water

shallow

بارز سطحي


ضحل shallow minded


ضئيل little thin

You can ride a fast jetboat through shallow water

thrill

تشويق


انفعال emotion

All of these pastimes give travells a thrill

gap

الفارق


فجوه hole


فراغ vacuum space


عجز inability disability

The gap under the jump pod is 300/440 feet.

Pod

جراب


حجره في منطاد


غلاف البيض

The gap under the jump pod is 300/440 feet

wire

الاسلاك


برقيه telegram cable telegraph


سلك كهربائي


سياج من الاسلاك الشائكه

The world first bungee jumping was a bridge or wire?

qualification

المؤهل


كفاءه


جداره worthiness


قدره capability ability

Marcy would like to be business owner but doesn't have the necessary qualifications yet.

reject

رفض refuse deny


تقيأ vomit


شخص منبوذ

My university application was rejected

reject

رفض refuse deny


تقيأ vomit


شخص منبوذ

My university application was rejected

representative

وكيل مندوب


الناطق بأسم مصرح

Sales representative

specialist

متخصص particularist

Information technology specialist

wage

الاجور


اجره rent pay wages


استأجر hire


استخدم عاملا

Wage or salary level

satisfy

رضا please pleasure


وفى بمطالب او شروط

But to A.J helping people is more satisfying than anything else

recount

حكى tell


عدد


عد من جديد

He recounts one terrifying 911 call after four children were struck by lightning

terrify

أرهب horrify shoot up


روع scare


جنن drive mad

He recounts one terrifying 911 call after four children were struck by lightning

Pleased

مسرور glad happy merry


راضي satisfied

I'm always pleased by my high marks

Pleased

مسرور glad happy merry


راضي satisfied

I'm always pleased by my high marks

indefinite

غير محدد


غير محدود unlimited boundless


مجهول unknown nameless unnamed


غامض mysterious


غير واضح unclear cloudy

We use indefinite pronouns to talk about unknown or indefinite people or things

audience

جمهور public crowd


مقابله interview meeting


مشاهدون

Everyone in the audience was laughing.

courage

شجاعه


جرأه


بساله


discouraging معوق عن

Nothing is mor discouraging than doing job you dont like

acquaintance

معرفه knowledge


اطلاع information


معرفه شخصيه


معلومات input

Non of your friends, acquaintances or family memebers have a luxury car

tutor

مدرس schoolteacher


معلم خاص


علم او تلقى دروس خصوصيه

You want to learn to speak japanese . You are looking for a tutor

mishmash

خليط mixture mix


مزيج hash

It looks like one big green mishmash to me

thatch

قش


سقف مصنوع من قش

Each house is made entirely from yhe forest the poles that hold it up the floors the thatch on the walls the vines tie it the palm leaf sleeping mats the baskets everything.

vine

نبات الكرمه kinds of plants

Each house is made entirely from yhe forest the poles that hold it up the floors the thatch on the walls the vines tie it the palm leaf sleeping mats the baskets everything

mat

الحصير


سجاد carper


حاشيه الصوره


غطى cover

Each house is made entirely from yhe forest the poles that hold it up the floors the thatch on the walls the vines tie it the palm leaf sleeping mats the baskets everything

basket

سله

Each house is made entirely from yhe forest the poles that hold it up the floors the thatch on the walls the vines tie it the palm leaf sleeping mats the baskets everything

equation

المعادله


توازن balance


تسويه

Looking at conservation without including people in the equation is a fantasy

flora

النباتيه plant species

People use resources in a sustainable way the allows flora and fauna to remain intact.

fauna

الحيوانيه animal species

People use resources in a sustainable way the allows flora and fauna to remain intact.

intact

سليم fit


بكر virgin


غير مصاب بأذى

People use resources in a sustainable way the allows flora and fauna to remain intact.

reveal

كشف detect uncover


ظهر appear show


باح


إفشاء revelation


إلهام inspiration

Fadiman's data reveals where and why such differences exist in Ecuador's rainforests

recognize

تعرف meet be educated


ادرك realize see sense understand


اعترف بالحوكمه بالجريمه

Recognizing this Fadiman's first effort is to record all the information that local people can provide

statistic

احصائيه


بند احصائي مفرد

If they can picture the little girl who always comes to the river with me instead of a statistic

consciousness

وعي awareness sensibility


ادراك realization recognition


شعور feeling

I hope my work will change even a small part of the general consciousness.

Threat

تهديد وعيد

What's the biggest threat to the earth's rainforest

brief

نبذه


موجز summarized short

Write a brief definition for each one

distinguish

مميز بارز differentiate identify


اكتسب شهره لحظ الفرق

Mishmash =a combination of things that cant be distinguished.

distinguish

مميز بارز differentiate identify


اكتسب شهره لحظ الفرق

Mishmash =a combination of things that cant be distinguished.

steady

ثابت constant stable


منتظم regular


الرفيق الدائم

sustainable = describes the use of natural resources at a steady level that is not likely to harm the environment

Questionnaire

استطلاع استفتاء

Think about one of your dream jobs then fill out the questionnaire

humming

طنين


ازيز zoom whiz wheeze roar

The hummingbird is very tiny bird

ornithologist

عالم الطيور

An ornithologist studies birds

paradise

جنه heaven


فردوس


جنه عدن eden

Paradise is a place where everythings is beautiful, delightful, and peaceful

paradise

جنه heaven


فردوس


جنه عدن eden

Paradise is a place where everythings is beautiful, delightful, and peaceful

enthusiastic

متحمس


حماسي hearty

He's knowledgeable and enthusiastic about birds

scarlet

اللون القرمزي crimson red purple


فاسق داعر

The scarlet ibis is the national birs in Trinidad and Tobago

ibis

طائر ابو منجل

The scarlet ibis is the national birds in Trinidad and Tobago

purchase

شراء buy purchasing


صفقه deal


نفوذ power


شي مشترى اشترى


استمال بالرشوه

Its better to purchase a ticket before the day your are traveling

igintion

اشعال catching fire lighting


مشعل

You must put the key in the ignition before you can start the car

concert

حفله موسيقيه


تناغم انسجام harmony


اتفاق اتفق

You cant bring a camera to concerts

proper

لائق


مناسب appropriate suitable convenient


صحيح خاص اصيل

You cant get a passport without proper identification

annual

every year


Yearly anniversary

The annual Hogomanay festivals in other cities in Scotland are popular too.

Hogomanay

رأس السنه

The annual Hogomanay festivals in other cities in Scotland are popular too.

procession

موكب parade


مسيره


تقدم progress

a Setsubun procession

cemetery

مقبره burial ground


جبانه


مدفن

Go to the cemetery with favorite foods and drinks

picnic

نزهه في الهواء الطلق walk

I want to go on a picnic with my family for my graduation. I'd rather not have a party

candle

شمعه

Her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle.

ear

اذن


سبله


كوز

The table is decorated with baskets of fruit and vegetables and ears of corn

ear

اذن


سبله


كوز

The table is decorated with baskets of fruit and vegetables and ears of corn