English Study Guide #1

Front 1

active reading

Back 1

reading something with a determination to understand and evaluate it for its relevance to your needs

Front 2

allusion

Back 2

reference, often to lit, history, mythology, etc that's unacknowledged in the text but that the author expects a reader to recognized

Front 3

ambiguity

Back 3

open to more than one interpretation; ex. an open ended story

Front 4

ambivalence

Back 4

having mixed feelings about something or someone

Front 5

analogy

Back 5

comparing two things for the purpose of explanation

Front 6

annotate

Back 6

adding notes to a text and explaining/commenting on it

Front 7

argument

Back 7

talking about the opposite story's view; relies on logic and reason

Front 8

assertion

Back 8

a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief

Front 9

bias

Back 9

in favor of one side more than the other, considered to be unfair

Front 10

Bloom's NEW Taxonomy

Back 10

1. creating

2. evaluating

3. analyzing

4. applying

5. understanding

6. remembering

Hint 10

Calum Eats An Apple Under wRaps

Front 11

Bloom's OLD Taxonomy

Back 11

1. evaluation

2. synthesis

3. analysis

4. application

5. comprehension

6. knowledge

Front 12

brainstorming

Back 12

producing an idea or way of solving a problem by holding a spontaneous group discussion

Front 13

canon

Back 13

a general law, rule, principle, or criterion by which something is judged

Front 14

character analysis

Back 14

evaluating a character's traits, their role in the story, and the conflicts they experience

Front 15

claim

Back 15

stating that something is the case, typically without proof

Front 16

classic

Back 16

a timeless, highest quality piece of its kind, and something that the readers find important enough to keep alive for a long period of time

Front 17

concede

Back 17

admitting that something is true after denying it at first

Front 18

consistency

Back 18

steady pattern

Front 19

contradiction

Back 19

if one is true, the other MUST be false

Front 20

conventional theme

Back 20

traditional/typical theme

Front 21

critical thinking

Back 21

the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment

Front 22

cultural context

Back 22

looking at the society that the characters live in and how their culture can affect their behavior

Front 23

deductive reasoning

Back 23

if the premises are true, the conclusion has to be true

Front 24

definition: ostensive

Back 24

directly or clearly demonstrative

Front 25

definition: stipulative

Back 25

a new or currently-existing term is given a specific meaning for the purposes of argument or discussion in a given context

Front 26

ethos

Back 26

appeal to character of speaker or writer

Front 27

examples: contrived

Back 27

deliberately created rather than naturally or spontaneously

Front 28

explicate/explication

Back 28

analyzing and developing in detail

Front 29

fiction: obscure

Back 29

not discovered or known about; uncertain

Front 30

imagery

Back 30

visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work

Front 31

inductive leap

Back 31

using info about a specific observation to make a general conclusion

Front 32

inductive reasoning

Back 32

multiple premises, all believed to be true or mostly true , are combined to obtain a specific conclusion

Front 33

inference

Back 33

statement about the unknown based on what's known

Front 34

integrating sources

Back 34

allowing the reader to see that you researched the topic and used work from experts in the field

Front 35

literary canon

Back 35

a piece of work that is genuine and considered the most influential in a certain field

Front 36

literary criticism

Back 36

practice of judging and commenting on the qualities and character of literary works

Front 37

logo

Back 37

appeal to reason

Hint 37

logic reason

Front 38

opinion

Back 38

personal belief

Front 39

paradox

Back 39

self contradictory and can't be true at first BUT may be proven true when investigated

Front 40

paraphrase

Back 40

explaining the story in your own words in greater depth

Front 41

pathos

Back 41

appeal to emotion

Hint 41

phat emotions

Front 42

plagiarism: imitation of syntax

Back 42

rearranging words and phrases to create well-formed sentences

Front 43

premises

Back 43

an assertion or proposition that forms the basis for a work or theory

Front 44

qualifiers

Back 44

to limit scope/degree

Front 45

quantifiers

Back 45

to limit in numbers

Front 46

rationalization

Back 46

attempting to explain or justify behavior or an attitude with logical reasons

Front 47

reduction ad absurdum

Back 47

taking someone's argument and making it extreme

Front 48

refute

Back 48

prove something to be wrong

Front 49

rhetoric

Back 49

persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques

Front 50

safe evident

Back 50

obvious

Front 51

syllogisms: affirmative

Back 51

agreeing with a statement or to a request

Front 52

syllogisms: conclusion

Back 52

what happens at the end

Front 53

syllogisms: distributed

Front 54

syllogisms: equivocation

Back 54

using ambiguous language to conceal the truth

Front 55

syllogisms: invalid

Back 55

not

Hint 55

not true

Front 56

syllogisms: major premise

Back 56

either a broad judgement or a definition

Front 57

syllogisms: middle term

Back 57

term used in both premises but not the conclusion

Front 58

syllogisms: minor premise

Back 58

usually an inference about a particular situation (or person), is supported or should be supported by relevant evidence

Front 59

syllogisms: negative

Back 59

not true/bad conclusion

Front 60

syllogisms: particular

Back 60

specific

Front 61

syllogisms: true

Back 61

corresponds with reality

Front 62

syllogisms: universal

Back 62

everything

Front 63

syllogisms: valid

Back 63

the two premises are constructed in such a way that the conclusion follows logically

Front 64

antithesis

Back 64

statement that takes an arguable position opposite from yours

Front 65

Toulmin Logic: grounds

Back 65

the evidence used to prove something

Front 66

Toulmin Logic: claim

Back 66

what you are proving with the grounds

Front 67

Toulmin Logic: warrant

Back 67

the assumption or principle that connects the grounds to the claim

Front 68

visual impact

Back 68

a change in the appearance of the landscape as a result of development which can be positive (improvement) or negative (detraction)

Front 69

expository writing

Back 69

used to explain, describe, give info, or inform

Front 70

literary argument

Back 70

a brief summary, often in prose, of a poem or section of a poem or other work

Front 71

dispute

Back 71

disagreement

Front 72

euphemism

Back 72

a nicer way to say something

Front 73

contrary

Back 73

can't both be true, but both can be false