Engl 1101 Final Exam

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Author named in signal phrase

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According to Lorine Goodwin, a food historian, nineteenth-century reformers who sought to purify the food supply were called “fanatics” and “radicals” by critics who argued that consumers should be free to buy and eat what they want. (77)

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Author named in parentheses

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According to a nationwide poll, 75% of Americans are opposed to laws that restrict or put limitations on access to unhealthy foods (Neergaard and Agiesta).

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Author unknown

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As a result, kids see nearly four thousand ads per year encouraging them to eat unhealthy food and drinks (“Facts on Junk Food”).

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Author named in signal phrase

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Michael Pollan points out that “cheap food” actually has “significant costs-- to the environment, to public health, to the public purse, even to the culture.”

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Two or three authors named in signal phrase

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As legal scholars Gostin and Gostin explain, “Interventions that do not pose a truly significant burden on the individual liberty” are justified if they “go a long way towards safeguarding the health and wellbeing of the populace” (214).

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“Et al.”

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Latin for “and others”

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Four or more authors

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The study was extended for two years, and only after results were reviewed by independent panel did the researchers publish their findings (Blaine et al. 35).

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Organization as author

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The American Diabetes Association estimates that the cost of diagnosed diabetes in the United States in 2012 was $245 billion.

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What are the two Types of examples used in example essay?

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Extended and Multiple

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5 steps you will be able to develop an example essay in the correct order

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Starting out, Forming a thesis, Organizing, Drafting, Revising and editing

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three main things to do when Forming a thesis?

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Several examples of a subject, Form a generalization of what you know about the topic, Avoid broad statements

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Two or more works in one citation

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The prevalence of early-onset Type 2 diabetes has been well documented (Finn 68; Sharma 2037; Whitaker 118).

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Encyclopedia or dictionary entry

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The word crocodile has a complex etymology (“Crocodile”).

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Multi-volume work

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In his studies of gifted children, Terman describes a pattern of accelerated language acquisition (2: 279)

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Entire Work

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Pollan explores the issues surrounding food production and consumption from a political angle.

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Selection in an anthology

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In “Love Is a Fallacy,” the narrator’s logical teachings disintegrate when Polly declares that she should date Petey because “he’s got a raccoon coat” (Shulman 391).

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Historical document

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While the United States Constitution provides for the formation of new states (art. 4, sec. 3), it does not explicitly allow or prohibit the secession of the states.

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When we are reading critically what does it mean if we Underline or [bracket] passages?

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You find those passages particularly effective or seem especially important

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When we are reading critically what does it mean if we Circle words ?

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You don’t understand the words and will look them up later

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When we are reading critically what does it mean if we put down ? Question marks ? in the margins for passages?

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They are passages that you don’t understand

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When we are reading critically what does it mean if we take notes?

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You are noting associations that have occurred to you

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Legal source

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The Jones Act of 1917 granted US citizenship to Puerto Ricans. In 1857, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney declared in Dred Scott v. Sandford that blacks, whether enslaved or free, could not be citizens of the United States.

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Visual (chart, table or graph)

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Photographs such as Woman Aircraft Worker (Bransby) and Women Welders (Parks) demonstrate the US government’s attempt to document the contributions of women during the World War II.

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Web source

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Julian Hawthorne points out profound differences between his father and ralph Waldo Emerson but concludes that, in their lives and their writing, “Together they met the needs of nearly all that is worthy in human nature” (ch. 4).

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Authors with the same last name

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(E. Chen 15).

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Sacred text

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(Oxford Annotated bible, Prov. 25.12).

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Reading

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is relatable to when we look for something to watch on television, and we switch from one to another looking for what we want to watch. We do this by scanning or skimming as we are not deeply involved in the subject nor engaged in an interaction.

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Reading Critically

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is where we are invested and engaged. We apply our own ideas and emotions not just to the substance but also to the writer’s interpretation of it.

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Narration

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is to tell a story, to relate a sequence of events that are linked in time.

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Example

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represents a general group or an abstract concept or quality.

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Argumentative

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is to persuade someone to take a certain action or to think or feel a specific way.

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logical arguments

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based on facts and reasoning

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emotional arguments

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based on vivid description and details

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Process analysis

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explaining a sequence of actions with a specific result (the process) by dividing it into its component steps (the analysis.)

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Directive

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Process analysis method that tells you how to do or make something, while explanatory provides you information to understand the process.

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Explanatory

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Process analysis method that is more to give you “satisfy a curiosity that to teach them [the reader] how to perform it.

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Descriptive

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use words to depict or recreate a scene, an object, a person, or a feeling.

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If narrative is telling a story how do you change how the story is told?

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By which events are covered, how fully these events are covered, how these events are arranged

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Four ways organize your narration essay:

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Straight chronological sequence, Final event come first, Summary first then in detail later, Flashback (shift backward rather than forward

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2 ways to show clear organization in your essay

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Consistent point of view throughout, and Your position is relevant to the events

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2 Types of examples used in example essay

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Extended and Multiple

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6 steps to drafting

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examples are plentiful and specific, Use fifteen different examples, Each example should have 1-2 sentences each, If you have smaller number of examples each should be described in detail in more sentences, and Clearly illustrate your generalization

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3 key questions to Division/Analysis Essay

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unfamiliar to your readers, familiar to your readers, readers may dispute your way of looking at your subject

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Which of the following are three appeals that an argumentative essay uses?

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Ethical, Emotional, and Rational appeal

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We use signal phrases in MLA papers to signal which of the following?

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Use of a paraphrase, Use of a summary, and Use a direct quotation of another writer’s work in our paper

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What are the two ways to use this the Process Analysis method?

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Directive or Explanatory

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Which of the following is an example of a signal phrases

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Acknowledges, Emphasizes, Illustrates, Suggests, and Argues

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most signal phrases include

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Name of the author and how the material fits in the context of your argument