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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do cells prevent the waste of energy in all cell reactions? |
Cells have adapted to produce energy carriers which provide the correct amount of energy needed for cell metabolism |
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Molecule that primarily produces energy |
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) |
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Trap + transfer energy through high energy electrons |
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ATP |
Adenosine Triphosphate An energy carrier that traps + transfers energy for cell reactions |
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Molecules ATP is made up of |
1. Base (adenine) } adenosine 2. Sugar (ribose) 3. 3 Phosphate Groups |
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Formula when a cell requires energy |
*backwards formula is possible to form ATP |
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Phosphorylation |
Addition of phosphate group to a molecule |
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Where is ATP made? |
Mitochondria |
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide A coenzyme molecule that traps + transfers hydrogen ions + electrons in a cell |
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Coenzyme |
A non-protein chemical that helps enzymes carry out their function |
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What is released in catabolic reactions + acted on by NAD⁺? |
Energy (electrons) + hydrogen ions e.g. Glucose broken down in respiration. NAD⁺ traps molecules + carry around cell. |
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What happens when NAD⁺ accepts hydrogen ions + electrons? |
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What happens when NADH is oxidised? |
Releases energy which will be used to make ATP |
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (P in as only in photosynthesis) A coenzyme molecule that traps + transfers hydrogen ions + electrons in a cell |
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What is needed in anabolic reactions? |
Electrons + hydrogen ions to make other chemicals e.g. Glucose from carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. |
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What is needed in anabolic reactions to provide hydrogen ions? |
NADPH |
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Where is NADP⁺ during photosynthesis + why? |
Chloroplast as it absorbs light energy |
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What happens when NADP⁺ accepts hydrogen ions + electrons from light energy? |
Becomes NADPH |
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What is NADPH used for in photosynthesis and why? |
Produce glucose as NADPH is very high in energy |
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What energy carrier carries the most energy? |
NADPH |
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Explain |
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Low Energy Carriers in Photosynthesis |
ADP, NADP⁺ |
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Low Energy Carriers in Respiration |
ADP, NADP⁺ |
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High Energy Carriers in Photosynthesis |
ATP, NADPH |
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High Energy Carriers in Respiration |
ATP, NADH |
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What is the source of energy for most cell reactions? |
ATP |
