Energy And Enzymes

Front 1

If a woman climbs a ladder, she has more potential energy when she reaches the top

(True/false)

Back 1

False. She burns more potential energy while climbing to the top.

Front 2

Examples of potential energy include ______.

A.) Movement of Electrons

B.) Chemical Bonds

C.) Concentration Gradient

D.) Two of above

E.) All

Back 2

D. Two: Chemical bonds and concentration gradients

Front 3

The ∆ G of a reaction calculated as the ________

Back 3

G (products)-G (reactants). If products have less energy than reactants, it is exergonic.

Front 4

Exergonic processes/reactions include ______

A.) Formation of a peptide bond

B.) ADP + Pi -> ATP

C.) Glucose -> CO2 + Water

D.) Two of Above

Back 4

C.) Glucose -> CO2 + Water

Front 5

The ∆G for reaction ATP-> ADP+Pi is closest to _______ kcal/mol

Back 5

-7.3

Front 6

Anabolic Reactions ______.

A.) Have a ∆G < 0
B.) Yield products with more free energy than reactants
C.) Are classified as exergonic reactions

D.) Two of above

Back 6

Just B.) Yield products with more free energy than reactant.
Anabolic is ∆G > 0 and endergonic

Front 7

Enzymes _________ of a reaction

A.) alter the ∆G

B.) Do not bind to the reactants

C.) Lower the activation energy

D.) Two of the above

E.) All of the above

Back 7

Just C.) Lowers the activation energy

Enzymes don'ts effect ∆G so A is incorrect.

Front 8

A reversible, noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor usually _______

Back 8

Changes the shape of the active site.

---It binds to a site distant from the active site and doesn't compete for the active site.

Front 9

A higher temperature often increases the rate of a reaction by ________

Back 9

Providing more activation energy

Front 10

Compared to an uncatalyzed reaction, a catalyzed reaction ____________

Back 10

Has a lower activation energy

Front 11

A competitive enzyme inhibitor generally ________.

A.) Binds to the Active site
B.) Binds to an allosteric site

C.) Decreases the max. rate of a reaction

D.) Two of Above

Back 11

A.) Binds to the active site. The other two are for a noncompetitive inhibitor

Front 12

In feedback inhibition, the end-product of a metabolic pathway often acts as a _______

Back 12

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Front 13

_________ energy is the energy of motion

Back 13

Kinetic

Front 14

The ________ law of Thermodynamics states that in any process, some energy becomes unavailable for work

Back 14

Second

Front 15

__________ or "S" is a measure of randomness or disorder

Back 15

Entropy

Front 16

Photosynthesis has a ∆G >0, so it is classified as an _________ reaction

Back 16

Endergonic (energy requiring)

Front 17

An enzyme lowers the __________ energy of a reaction

Back 17

Activation

Front 18

Non-protein chemical partners for enzymes include coenzymes, prosthetic groups, and _______.

Back 18

Cofactors (usually metal ions)

Front 19

When NAD, FAD, and ATP partner with enzymes, they're called __________

Back 19

Coenzymes

Front 20

___________ inhibitors reversibly inhibit the maximum rate of a reaction

Back 20

Noncompetitive

Front 21

_________ is when the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of an earlier step in the pathway

Back 21

Feedback inhibition/End-product inhibition

Front 22

_______ is a digestive enzyme with a pH optimum of 2

Back 22

Pepsin

Front 23

What is the difference between energy transformation and energy transfer?

Back 23

Energy transformation changes one type of energy to another while energy transfer just goes from one object to another without changing the type of energy

Front 24

Give one example where energy is stored in an ion concentration gradient

Back 24

Creating a proton gradient in the intermembrane space

Front 25

What is entropy?

Back 25

The randomness or disorder

Front 26

In terms of energy, define H, G, and TS in the equation H=G+ TS

Back 26

H is the total energy (enthalpy), G is the usable energy (Free energy), and TS is the unusable energy (temperature and entropy)

Front 27

Give an example of a single reaction (A -> B+C) with a ∆G < 0, and explain the meaning of ∆G < 0 in terms of the energy of the reactants and products

Back 27

∆G < 0 means the change of the reaction is less than 0 which is an exergonic process (gives off energy)

An example is ATP -> ADP + Pi wher the reactants have more energy than the products

Front 28

In general, where is the binding site on an enzyme for a competitive inhibitor, and what is the effect of such an inhibitor on the maximum reaction rate?

Back 28

It binds to the active site and has no effect on the maximum reaction rate

Front 29

Describe the term "feedback inhibition" with regard to regulation of a metabolic pathway

Back 29

It is the end product of a metabolic pathway which acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor

Front 30

In general, catalyzed reactions run faster at warmer temperatures, but high temperatures can slow reactions

Back 30

More heat means there is more activation energy and can slow the reaction because the catalyst (enzyme) is denatured