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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What receptor does TSH bind to at the thtroid?
TSHR
what anion is needed to make T3 and T4?
Iodine
how does Iodine get into follicular cells?

What drives this symporter
Na/I symporter

driven by na going down its concentration gradient.
how does Iodine leave the follicular cell and enter the colloid?
pendrin (transporter)
what 3 things might T3/T4 be bound to in the blood?
albumin, thyroxine binding globulin, or transthyretin
what are some things thyroid hormone is used to regulate?
protein/lipid/carb metabolism, BMR, and thermogenesis
what are some sx of hypothyroidism?

hyperthyroidism?
weight gain, chest pain, dry skin, cold intolerance, depression

weight loss, heart palpitations, irritability, hair loss, amenorrhea
who/where is calcitonin prod?
parafollicular cells (c-cells) in the thyroid.
what regulates calcitonin?
calcium, Glucocorticoids, glucagon,
what is the function of calcitonin?
to decrease the amount of calcium in the blood
what are 3 locations in the body that calcium can be regulated?
kidney, bone, GI
what is the active form of calcium?
ionized
what are the 3 forms calcium can be found as?
ionized (active), bound to albumin, or in complex anions with phophate/citrate.
what is the function of PTH?
increase the calcium in the blood
where does PTH come from?
chief cells within the parathyroid
what regulates PTH?

how?
ionized calcium, absolute calcium, rate of fall of calcium, and Vit D.

Calcium binds to chief cells and inhibits cAMP. As calcium deminishes you get less inhibition of cAMP and more PTH is produced.
How/where does PTH act?
bone (increases osteoclast activity), kidney (increase calcium absorption), and GI (increase calcium absorption)
what is PTH rP?
secreted by many cell types and binds to the same receptor as PTH to causes the same effects
is hypercalcemia associated with malignancy?

why?
yes, because many malignant cells will produce PTH rP.