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51 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
endocrine system
series of ductless glands that secrete messenger molecules into circulation
hormones
messenger molecules released by endocrine glands and travel in the blood to regulate specific body function
ductless
glands make products and secrete it directly into the bloodstream
purely endocrine organs
pituitary gland
pineal gland
Thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
adrenal glands (medulla and cortex)
endocrine organs shared with other systems
pancreas
thymus
gonads
hypothalamus
Classes of Hormones
Amino Acid based
Steroid based
Amino Acid based hormones
includes modified amino acids, peptides and proteins
Amines
modified amino acids
peptides
short chains of amino acids (2-4 amino acids)
proteins
long chains of amino acids
Steroid Hormones
lipid molecules derived from cholesterol
produced by adrenal cortex and sex organs
target cells
a cell that is capable of responding to a hormone because it bears receptors to which the hormone can bind
Control of Hormone Secretion
humoral stimuli
hormonal stimuli
neuronal stimuli
humoral stimuli
secrete their hormones in direct response to changing levels of ions or nutrients in the blood
neural stimuli
stimulated by the release of neurotransmitters
hormonal stimuli
hormones telling glands to release hormones
feedback mechanisms
positive feedback loop
negative feedback loop
positive feedback loop
uncommon, destabilizing effect
negative feedback loop
most common type, stabilizing effects, maintains homeostasis
hypothalamus in the endocrine System
control center for the internal environment
Hypothalamus and the ANS...
exert nervous control on the adrenal medulla
hypothalamus produces
ADH and Oxytocin
makes regulatory hormones:
1) releasing hormones
2) inhibitory hormones
Pituitary Gland is also called
hypophysis
(growing below)
Pituitary Gland is found in
Sella Turica (Turkish Saddle)
Pituitary Gland Structure
1)infundibulum
2) Posterior Pituitary
3) Anterior Pituitary
infundibulum
stalk that connects it to the brain, connection to the hypothalamus
Posterior Pituitary is also called
Neurohypophysis
Posterior Pituitary AKA Pars Nervosa
resovoir fpr ADH and Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
targets the kidneys and they reabsorb water and return it to the bloodstream
concentrates the urine
Oxytocin
induces uterine contractions in childbirth, ejects milk from the breast, contracts the prostate gland in men
Anterior Pituitary is also called
adenohypophysis
Anterior Pituitary has 3 subdivisions
pars distalis: the largest part
pars intermedia: the middle part
pars tuberalis: wraps around the infundibulum
posterior pituitary has 2 subdivisions
pars nervosa
infundibulum
Pars Distalis of the Anterior Pituitary makes how many hormones
7
4 of which tell other hormones what to do
the 4 hormones that tell other hormones what to do are called
Tropic Hormones
Melanoctye Stimulating Hormone
MSH
functions in the CNS in appetite supression
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
ACTH
stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisone, helps the body cope with stress
Growth Hormone
GH
targets muscles and bones, mobilizes fat, glucose
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
TSH
signals the tyroid gland to secrete its own hormone TH and thus controls metabolic rate
Prolactin
PRL
targets mammary tissue, stimulates milk production
Follicle stimulating Hormone
FSH
targets follicles of the ovary and cells of the testes, promotes ovum and sperm production
Luteinizing Hormone
LH
in females
stimulates corpus luteum for progesterone production

in males
stimulates interstital cells of testes to produce testosterone
thyroid gland
butterfly shaped gland in the throat behind the larynx
produces TH
hypophyseal portal system
refers to a system of blood vessels in which blood is collected from one capillary bed and travels in veins to a second capillary bed before returning to the heart

Releasing Hormones and Inhibitory Hormones released from hypothalamus go directly to their target without dilution
Structure of the Thalamus
has 2 lobes seperated by the isthmus
largest purely endocrine organ
thyroglubin
a protein from which the thyroid hormone is derivied
follicles
formed by epithelial cells filled with colloid consisting of thryoglubin
C Cells
Chief Cells
produce calitocin
calitocin
tones down blood calcium levels
Parathyroid Glands
Next to the thyroid
four tiny glands embedded in the back of the thyroid
small and yellow brown in color
Parathormone (PTH)
increase the blood concentration of CA 2+ by:
1) stimulating osteoclast to release more calcium ions
2) decreasing the exertion of calcium ions by the kidneys
3) activating vitamin D