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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cells in the body communicate by what two mechanisms? |
Nerves and Hormones |
|
4 types of close (local) signaling |
paracrine autocrine gap junctions synaptic |
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Trace the path of a hormone from its start to its target tissue. (6 steps) |
Capillary of gland Venule Vein Artery Arteriole Capillary of target tissue |
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How many cells in the body are exposed to a hormone? |
All |
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Why would a cell respond to a hormone? |
It has that hormone's receptor |
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4 steps of the hormone effect |
Synthesize Storage/Release Transport Target Regulation |
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Peptides Philic or phobic? |
Philic |
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Starting molecule of peptides |
pre-pro hormone |
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Cells that synthesize peptides contain many |
Rough ER |
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Peptide binding and activation |
Bind to PM, activate 2nd Mess. System |
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Effects of peptides are ____ and ____-______ |
rapid short-lived |
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What do peptides do? |
Alter existing proteins |
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Steroids - Philic or phobic? |
Phobic |
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Starting molecule of steroids |
cholesterol |
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Cells that synthesize steroids contain many |
SER |
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How are steroids transported in the blood? |
Bound to protein (Albumin) |
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Where is the receptor for steroids? Where does it go next? |
Cytoplasm Nucleus |
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Function of steroids |
interact w/ DNA, alter transcription |
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The effects of steroids are ____ and ____-_____ because they |
slow long-lasting make new proteins |
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2 Types of Amines |
Thyroid Hormone Catecholamines |
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Phobic or Philic? Thyroid hormone |
phobic
|
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Phobic or Philic? Catecholamines |
Philic |
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Starting molecule for both amines |
Tyrosine |
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Thyroid hormone acts in the same manner as |
Steroids |
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Catecholamines act in the same manner as |
peptides |
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Synthesis of TH Tyrosine + _____ = ______...+ ______ = _______
Then... ______+_____ = T___ ______+_____ = T___
|
iodine MIT Iodine DIT
DIT+MIT = T3 DIT+DIT = T4 |
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____% of TH is T4, which is _____ |
95 inactive |
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____% of TH is T3, which is ____ |
5% Active |
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TH requires ____ _____ ____ to travel in the blood |
Thyroid Binding Globulin |
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Synthesis of catecholamines Tyrosine -> ______ -> ______ -> _____ -> _____ Which are active? |
DOPA Dopamine NE Epi
The last 3 |
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Catecholamine transport in blood? |
Free |
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2 Types of Arachidonic Acid based hormones |
Leukotrienes Prostaglandins |
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The process of going from fatty acid to arachidonic acid can be blocked by what two things? |
Cortisol SAIDs |
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The enzyme required to go from AA to Leukotriene is |
Lipoxygenase |
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Leukotrienes are associated with _____ and _____ |
allergies inflammation |
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The enzyme required to go from AA to Prostaglandin is |
cyclooxygenase |
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Cyclooxygenase can be blocked by ______ also known as cox inhibitors |
NSAIDs |
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Prostaglandins are associated with what three things? |
Pain Fever Anticoagulation |
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AA based hormones have a ______ effect |
paracrine |