Endocrine System

Front 1

Hormone structure
-Pretty small molecules
-Thyroid hormone

Back 1

Amino acids an example of these hormoones is epinephrine, norepinephrine and thyroid hormone

Front 2

hormone structure
-chains of amino acids
-ADH, oxytocin are examples of?

Back 2

Peptide

Front 3

hormone struture
-cholestrol based
-estrogen, testostreone, aldosterone

Back 3

Steroids

Front 4

What hormones are produces from the hypothalamus?

Back 4

ADH, Oxytocin,GIH growth inhibiting hormone, CRH calcitropin releasing hormone, TRH Thyrotropin releasing hormone, GnRH Gonadotropin releasing hormone, PRH Prolactin releasing hormone, PIH prolactin inhibiting hormone

Front 5

Name the hormones of the anterion pituitary

Back 5

ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH

Front 6

name the hormones released at the posterior pituitary?

Back 6

ADH, oxytocin is released

Front 7

name the hormones produced in the thyroid gland?

Back 7

Thyroxine (T4), Thiiodothyroine (T3)
Calcitonin CT)

Front 8

name the hormones of the adrenal cortex

Back 8

cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, androgens

Front 9

name the hormones of the amrenal medulla

Back 9

epinephrine and norepiniphrine

Front 10

name the hormones and the related cells of the pancreatic islets

Back 10

Glucagon from the alpha cells
and insulin from the beta cell
also produces somatostatin

Front 11

name the hormones from the kidney

Back 11

erythropoietin and calcitrol

Front 12

What hormones come from the gonads

Back 12

Testies: Androgens (especially testosterone), inhibin
Ovaries:estrogens, progesttins, inhibin

Front 13

Hormones of adipose tissue

Back 13

leptin and Resistin

Front 14

Name the structure that connects the two lobes of the thyroid?

Back 14

isthmus

Front 15

What are C cells? where are they located? what is their function?

Back 15

C cells are clacitonin secreating cells located around the folicles (parafollicular cells) of the thyroid.

Front 16

Name 6 common releasing/inhibiting hormones hormones

Back 16

GIH, GRH, PRH, PIH, TRH, GnRH

Front 17

What happens when a follicle is stimulated by FSH

Back 17

-Cells surrounding the ova produce estroge and support maturiation of eggs and helps sustain the lining of the uterus.

Front 18

What is the initial lab test that would be done by a physician evaluating a patients thyroid function.

Back 18

A physiician would first test for TSH levels

Front 19

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary.

Back 19

They are connected by a structuer calle the infundibulum. this is the structure releasing and inhibiting hormones are sent through.

Front 20

Where does TSH come from

Back 20

Anterior pituitary

Front 21

Describe two hormones related to calcium management

Back 21

Calcitonin and PARATHYROID HORMONE

Front 22

WHERE IS PROLACTIN RELEASED FROM AND WHAT IS ITS TARGET

Back 22

ANTERIOR PITUITARY TARGETS BREAST TISSUE ( MAMMARY GLANDS)

Front 23

WHAT IS THE SOURCE, TARGET AND EFFECT OF LH

Back 23

SOURCE=ANTERIOR PITUITARY
TARGET= GONADS
EFFECT= TRIGERS OVULATION AND PROMOTES DEVELOPMENT OF CORPUS LUTEUM IN FEEMALES AND STIMULATES PRODUCTION OF TESTERONE IN MALES

Front 24

WHAT IS THE SOURCE, TARGET AND EFFECT OF ADH

Back 24

Source:Posterior piuitary
Target: Kidneys
Function: Promotes water rtention by kidney tubules; raises blood pressure by stimulating muscles in walls of small arteries

Front 25

Name the 3 classes of hormones from the adrenial cortex

Back 25

Mineralcortiicoids
Glucoocrticoids
Gonadocorticoids

Front 26

What is aneima?

Back 26

Low Hematocrit or RBC's have a decreased hemoglobin content and decreased carryimg copacity

Front 27

What is the test called that measures the % of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements?

Back 27

Hematoctit

Front 28

Wha tis Erythropiesis?

Back 28

formation of RBC's

Front 29

What is Hypoxia?

Back 29

Low tissue oxygen levels.

Front 30

What is agglutination?

Back 30

binding of antigens and antibodies causes th eforeighn RBC's to clump together.

Front 31

What is Leukocytosis

Back 31

Increase of Leukocytes (WBC's)

Front 32

What is hemolytic disease?

Back 32

When different blood types of the mother and the fetus mix. during the second child the mothers antibodies will attack and destroy the fetal RBC's

Front 33

What is graves disease?

Back 33

Hyperthyroidism caused by an auto immune attack on the thyroid gland.

Front 34

What increases progestrone?

Back 34

Follicles stimulated by FSH. after ovulation when the cells reorganize into a corpus luteum they release more progesterone.

Front 35

What hormone is released from the heart. and what is it's function

Back 35

Atrial natriuretic peptide. It promotes the loss of sodium ions and water at the kidneys and inhibits renin release and the secreation of ADH and aldosterone. (Results in a reduction in blood volume and pressure.

Front 36

What hormone is released from adipose tissue?

Back 36

Leptin: increases the storage of body fat and Suppersses appetite

Resistin: decreases sensitivity of body cells to insulin.

Front 37

Where is the thymus located?

Back 37

behind teh sternum

Front 38

What hoermones are released from the kidney? what is their function?

Back 38

Calcitrol: Stimulates uptake of calcium in GI tract, kidneys, bone resorption.
Erythropietin: Stimulates RBC production in marrow
Renin: Increases Plood pressure.

Front 39

What are gonads?

Back 39

testies and ovaries

Front 40

what are two cell types of the testies and what hormone do they release.

Back 40

Interstitial cells: release testosterone
sustentacular cells: suppeor support sperm development and control with the hormone inhibin and FSH and GnRH.

Front 41

Describe the regions within the pancreas?

Back 41

The regions are called islets of langerhans they contain alpha and beta cells.

Front 42

What do alpha and beta cells produce?

Back 42

Alpha cells produce glucagon
beta cells produce insulin

Front 43

What and how is the function of insulin?

Back 43

Insuline lowers blood sugar by opening the door to sugar for many body sells. brain and kidney have no receptors- can take in glucose as needed) it stimulates the storage of sugar as glycogen, more energy in fat cells.

Front 44

What and how is the function of glucagon?

Back 44

Glucagon raises blood sugar by stimulating glycogen release from the liver. utilization of triglyercides breakdown of protein from new sugar.

Front 45

Name the cheif mineralocortocoid and its function?

Back 45

Aldosterone -stimulates the conservation of sodium at the cost of potassium.-Targets kidney tubules, sweat glands, Saliva, Pancreas.- increases the sensetivitsy of salt receptive taste buds.-secreated in response to a drop in decreased sodium content. blood volume or blood pressure.

Front 46

Name three glucocorticorids ( also know as the steroid hormones) and the function of glucocorticoids

Back 46

Cortisol-Corticosterone-Cortisone- glucocorticoids accelerate the rate of glucose synthesis especially within the liver.

Front 47

What controls glucocorticoid secreation?

Back 47

Secreaton occurs under ACTH stimulation. and is regulated by negarive feedback.

Front 48

What does PTH do?
How?

Back 48

Raises blood calcium
by stimulating osteoclast, intestinal absorption and urinary retention

Front 49

By what and where is PTH secreated?

Back 49

PTH comes from cheif cells in the parathyroid.

Front 50

What does PTH stimulate the release of?

Back 50

Calcitrol from the kidneys. tells the GI tract ot absorb more Ca

Front 51

What are the three type of heart tissues nd their distinguishing characteristics?

Back 51

-epicardium it is a serious membrain that covers the outer wall
-myocardium is the muscular wall of the herat contains cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
-endocardium inner surface it is simple squamous epithelium that is continuous with endothelium.

Front 52

What are the components of blood list these along with their functions?

Back 52

-Plasma contains Albumins proteins important for osmotic pressure
Globulins antibodie (small proteins made by the cell
Fibrogen clotting process.
-Buffy coat clear thin layer in the middle
-Packed RBC's carry o2 and co2

Front 53

Define calcitrol?

Back 53

Teh active form of vitiman D that promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestines. acts along with parathyroid hormone to maintain bone homeostasis.

Front 54

what is the function of CRH?

Back 54

Stimulate teh release of ACTH

Front 55

What is the function of ACTH?

Back 55

Stimulate the release of steroid hormones in the acrenal cortex known as gulcocorticoids.