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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which diabetes drug causes: •Hypoglycemia? (3) |
•Sulfonylureas (glyburide), amylin analogues (pramlintide), & insulin |
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What diabetes drug causes: •Lactic acidosis; diarrhea |
•Metformin; less weight gain, so first line for most (not to use in renal failure) |
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What diabetes drug causes: •CHF/fluid retention |
•Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone: PPAR-gamma) |
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Which diabetes drug causes: •Pancreatitis |
•GLP-1 analogues (exenatide) |
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What term denotes fatigue, confusion, vomiting, fever, anorexia, and extremely high blood glucose? |
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state |
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Which biopolar disorder medication can cause diabetes insipidus? |
Lithium |
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•Exophthalmos, thyroid bruit, diffuse uptake on thyroid scan |
Grave’s disease |
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•Tender thyroid, post URI |
•Thyroiditis |
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•Hyperthyroid, high TSH, T4, T3 |
•Pituitary tumor |
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•Hyperthyroid, low uptake on scan, no URI |
•Surreptitious levothyroxine use |
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What gene is likely mutated in a parathyroid carcinoma? |
RET |
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What kind of cancer does smoking cause directly to the lung? |
Squamous cell carcinoma |
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•Episodic headache, HTN, flushing/pallor, palpitations |
•Pheochromocytoma; high urine VMA; use alpha antagonist phenoxybenazamine before surgery; can be MEN2a, Men2b, or NF |
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•Diarrhea, flushing, wheezing |
•Carcinoid; high 5-HIAA (SE metabolite) in urine; appendix tumor, surgery if lung |
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•HyperPTH (stones, ulcer), pituitary tumor (prolactin, GH), & pancreatic tumors (gastrinoma, VIPoma, insulinoma) |
•MEN 1 |
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•Biopsy shows medullary carcinoma of thyroid; secretes calcitonin, has RET gene mutation; with pheochromocytoma, parathyroid involvement |
•MEN 2A (MEN2B, ganglioneuromatosis and marfinoid features) |
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•Vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, possible cocaine use |
•Placental abruption
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•Painless vaginal bleeding, often ~30 weeks |
•Placenta previa, placenta overlies internal cervical os |
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Severe painless postpartum hemorrhage, previous C-section or previa |
•Placenta accreta, placenta villi on the myometrium, defect in decidua basalis layer |
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•Painful massive postpartum hemorrhage |
•Uterine rupture |
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•Long labor, soft uterus |
•Uterine atony |
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No lactation, DI after delivery; sometimes shock |
•Sheehan syndrome (peri-partum pituitary hemorrhage) |
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•Post menopausal vaginal bleeding |
Endometrial cancer until proven otherwise (i.e. needs biopsy |
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•Abdominal pain, Last Menstrual Period 6-8 weeks ago, Urine Pregnancy Test positive, adnexal mass |
•Ectopic pregnancy |
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•Severe HTN after 20 weeks gestation, proteinuria/end organ injury |
•Preeclampsia; if with seizures = ecclampsia |
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•Preeclampsia, low platelets, elevated LFTs, hemolysis |
•HELLP syndrome |
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•Post-partum complications include? (4)
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•Depression; cardiomyopathy; PE; amniotic fluid embolism |
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•Cloudy amniotic fluid, septic newborn, what pathogen? |
•Group B Strep |
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•AR, jaundice, hepatomegaly, cataracts, MR, Failure to thrive |
•Galactosemia; galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase def |
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•Painful muscle cramps post-exercise, myoglobinuria, AR |
McArdle's (glycogen storage dz 5); skeletal muscle glycogen |
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•Cardiomegaly, systemic Sx, early death, AR |
•Pompe’s (type 2); acid maltase (lysosomal α-1,4 glucosidase def) |
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•Severe fasting hypoglycemia, increased lactate, hepatomegaly |
•Von Gierke's (type 1); AR; glucose-6-phosphatase def |
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•Developmental delay,“gargoylism”, corneal clouding, HSM |
Hurler’s; AR; a-1-iduronidase (a mucopolysaccharidoses def) |
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•Mild Hurler’s, aggressive behavior, no corneal clouding
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•Hunter’s; X-linked Recessive; iduronate sulfatase def |
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•HSM, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crises |
•Gaucher’s; most common lysosomal storage dz; AR; glucocerebrosidase def |
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•HSM, progressive neurodegeneration, cherry red macula |
•Niemann-Pick, AR, sphingomyelinase def |
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•Progressive neuorodegeneration, AR, cherry red macula, NO HSM |
•Tay-Sachs; AR; hexoaminidase A, accumulate GM2 ganglioside def |
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•Peripheral neuropathy, dev. delay, optic atrophy, globoid cells |
•Krabbe’s; AR; galactocerebrosidase def |
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•Peripheral neuropathy of hands/feet, angiokeratomas, CV/renal dz |
•Fabry’s; XR; α-galactosidase A def |
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•Central and peripheral demylelination with ataxia and dementia
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•Metachromatic leukodystrophy, AR, arylsulfatase A def, accumulate cereboside sulfate |
