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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Growth Hormone (hGH) causes
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Increase in the size and number of cells
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Excess hGH in childhood results in
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Gigantism
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Excess hGH in adulthood results in
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Acromegaly
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Insufficient hGH in childhood results in
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Pituitary dwarfism
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Prolactin stimulates
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Milk FORMATION (oxy -> milk letdown)
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What three classes of hormones are made in the adrenal cortex?
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Aldosterone, Cortisol, Androgens (male hormones)
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What does ALDO do?
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Lowers K+ levels, Increases Na+ level in the body
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How is ALDO controlled for K+ effect
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Direct effect. High K+ levels stimulate ALDO release
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How is ALDO controlled for Na+ effect
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Little direct effect. Low Na+ levels do not trigger ALDO release. Low Na+ levels trigger release of RENIN from kidney. Renin activates
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Where is Renin made?
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Kidney
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Where is Angiotensin made?
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Liver, in the inactive form
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Which regulates total body water, ADH or ALDO
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ALDO does, ADH controls the osmolarity of the body
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Which regulates the osmolarity of body tissues? ADH or ALDO?
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ADH does, ALDO regulates the AMOUNT of water in the body.
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What does cortisol do? (two answers)
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Increases glucose concentration by stimulating gluconeogenesis, depresses immune system
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What do adrenal androgens do?
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Trigger puberty
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What is the technical term for making glycogen out of glucose?
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Glycogenesis
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What is the technical term for breaking down glycogen to get glucose?
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Glycogenolysis
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What is the technical term for making glucose out of amino acids?
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Gluconeogenesis
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What processes raise blood glucose levels? 2 answers
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Making glucose (gluconeogenesis in liver) and breaking down glycogen (glycogenolysis)
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What processes lower blood glucose levels? 2 answers
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Inhibit gluconeogenesis, make glycogen (glycogenesis)
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What hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
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Insulin
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What hormones raise blood glucose levers? 3 answers
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Cortisol (gluconeogenesis) Glucagon (breaks down glycogen- glycogenolysis) Epinephrine (glycogenolysis)
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What happens to the Ca++ levels in tissue when bone is made?
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Ca++ levels are LOWERED
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What happens to the Ca++ levels in tissue when bone is broken down?
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Ca++ levels are RAISED
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What happens to the Ca++ levels in tissue when the kidney retains Ca++??
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Ca++ levels are RAISED
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What happens to the Ca++ levels in tissue when the kidney excretes Ca++?
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Ca++ levels are LOWERED
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What does Calcitonin do?
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LOWERS Ca++ levels
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How does Calcitonin work?
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Stimulates bone formation, stimulates renal excretion of Ca++
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How is Calcitonin controlled?
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Direct effect
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What does Parathyroid Hormone do? PTH
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RAISES Ca++ levels
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How does PTH work?
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Stimulates bone break down, stimulates renal retention of Ca++, stimulates renal activation of Vitamin D
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How is PTH controlled?
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Direct Effect
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What does vitamin D do?
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Enhances absorption of Ca++ in the intestines
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How do we define "stress" in physiologic terms?
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anything that disturbs the body’s homeostasis.
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Give some examples of stress
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Physical - cold, heat, altitude, infections, injuries, surgery, prolonged heavy exercise, loud sounds Psychological – anger, fear, grief, anxiety, depression, guilt. Also pleasant states- joy, happiness, sexual arousal
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What hormone is involved in the control of long term stress?
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Cortisol
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What hormone is involved in the control of short term stress? Fight or Flight response
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Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
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