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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pituitary Hormone
TSH |
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Target - Thyroid gland Secretion of thyroid hormones Thyroid hormones released inhibit the pituitary production of TSH |
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Pituitary Hormone
ACTH |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Traget - Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoid secretion Stimulates the release of steriod hormones at the adrenal glands (affects glucose metabolism) |
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Pituitary Hormone
FSH |
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Target - Follicle cells of ovaries in female Estrogen secretion, follicle development (promotes egg development, stimulates the secretion of estrogens) Target - Sustentacular cells of testes in male Sperm maturation |
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Pituitary Hormone
LH |
Luteinizing hormone
Target - Follicle cells of ovaries in female Ovulation, formation of corpus lutem, and progesterone secretion (induces ovulation in women, promotes ovarian secretions of estrogens and the progestens to prepare a woman for pregnancy Target - Interstitial cells of testes in male Testosterone secretion (stimulates androgen release from male testes) |
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Pituitary Hormone
PRL |
Prolactin
Target - Mammary glands Production of milk (stimulates the development of the mammary glands and the production of milk) |
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Pituitary Hormone
GH |
Growth Hormone
Target - all cells Growth, protein synthesis, lipid mobilization and catabolism (stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating the rate of protein synthesis) (muscle cells and condricites <cartilage> respond the strongest) |
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Pituitary Hormone
MSH |
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
Target - Melanocytes of skin Increased melanin synthesis in epidermis (active in fetal development, young children, pregnant women, and some disease states) |
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Posterior Pituitary Hormone
ADH |
Antidiuretic Hormone
Target - Kidneys Reabsorptioin of water, elevation of blood volume and pressure (released in response to a rise in electrolyte concentration or drop in blood volume or pressure) (alcohol inhibits ADH) (causes peripheral vasil constriction) |
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Posterior Pituitary Hormone
Oxytocin |
Oxytocin
Target - Uterus, mammary glands in female Labor contractions, milk ejection Target - Prostate gland in male Smooth muscle contractions, ejection of secretions (stimulates the smooth muscle contraction in the walls of the prostate gland) |
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Thyroid Gland
T4 |
Thyroxine
Target - Most cells Increase energy utilization, oxygen development (contains 4 iodine atoms to attach to thyrosine) (travel through cytopolasm and attach to the mitochondria and increase rate of ATP production) |
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Thyroid Gland
T3 |
Triiodothyronine
Target - Most cells Increase energy utilization, oxygen consumption, growth, and development (contains 3 iodine atoms to attach to thyrosine) (travel through cytoplasm and attach to the mitochondria and increase rate of ATP production) |
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Thyroid Gland
CT |
Calcitonin
Target - bone and kidneys Decreases Ca 2+ concentrations in body fluids (see fig 11-10 pg 317) (decreases blood calcium levels; inhibits osteoclasts) |
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Parathyroid Gland
PTH |
Parathyroid Hormone
Target - bone and kidneys Increases Ca 2+ concentrations in body fluids (see fig 11-10 pg 317) (increses calcium concentrations in the bloodstream) (starts osteoclasts, inhibits osteoblasts, to put calcium in blood) |
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Thymus
Thymosins |
Thymosins
Target - Lymphocytes Stimulate development and maturation of immune response (embedded in a mass of connective tissue just behind the sternum) (play a key role in developing and maintaining the immune system) (large at infancy, increases until puberty, then decreases) |
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Adrenal Glands (Adrenal Cortex)
Glucocorticoids |
Target - Most Cells
Releases amino acids from skeletal muscles, lipids from adipose tissues; promotes liver gllycogen and glucose formation; promotes peripheral utilizationof lipids; anit-inflammatory effects |
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Adrenal Glands (Adrenal Cortex)
Mineralocorticoids |
Target - Kidneys
Increases reabsorption of sodium ions and water from the urine; accelerates urinary loss of potassium ions |
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Adrenal Glands (Adrenal Cortex)
Androgens |
Target - ?
Uncertain significance under normal conditions |
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Adrenal Glands (Adrenal Medulla)
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
Target - Most Cells
Increased cardiac activity, blood pressure, glycogen breakdown, blood glucose; release of lipids by adipose tissue (accelerate energy utilization and mobilize energy reserves) (heart responds by increasing rate and force of contraction) |
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Kidneys
Calcitriol |
Steriod hormone released in the presence of PTH
Stimulates teh absorption of Ca and phosphate ions along the digestive tract Its synthesis is dependant on the availability of vitamin D3 which is absorbed through the skin by being in sunlight |
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Kidneys
Erythropoietin (EPO) |
Peptide hormone released in response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues
Stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow and therefore increases oxygen delivery to the tissues |
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Kidneys
Renin |
Enzyme released by the kidney in response to a decrease in blood volume, blood pressure or both
Starts an enzymatic chain reaction which eventually causes sodium retention which retains water |
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Heart
Atrial Natriuritic Peptide (ANP) |
releases anp when cardiac muscle cells are excessively stretched
increases sodium and water excretion Decreases sodium reabsorption Reduces aldosterone secretion Vasodilates |
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Pancreas
Alpha Cells |
Produce the hormone glucagon
increases blood sugar level by causing the liver to release glucose that was being stored as glycogen |
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Pancreas
Beta Cells |
Produce the hormone insulin
decreases blood sugar levels by moving glucose into cells for ATP production |
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Pancreas
Delta Cells |
Not at this time.
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Testes
Androgens |
Interstitial cells of the testes produce steroid hormones known as androgens
The most important androgen is testosterone. Promotes production of functional sperm Maintains secretory glands of the reporductive tract Determines secondary sex characterists Stimulates protein synthesis and muscle growth |
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Testes
Sustentacular Cells |
Secrete teh peptide hormone inhibin
Released under FSH stimulation to inhibit FSH |
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Ovaries
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Contain female sex cells called ova which develop in special structures called follicles under stimulation of FSH
Follicular cells produce Estrogens which support the egg maturation and stimulate growth of th euterine lining Provide secondary female sexual characteristics Follicular dells secrete inhibin which suppresses FSH release |
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Pineal Gland
Melatonin |
Located on the roof of the thalamus
Lowest levels in daylight and highest in the dark Establishes the day/night cycle (ciradian cycle) |
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Prostaglandins
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see lipid derivative hormones
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Three groups of hormones
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1.Amino acid derivative
2.Peptide hormones 3.Lipid derivatives |
