Endocrine Histology And Diabetic Physiology

Front 1

DEFINE ENDCRINE SYSTEM

Back 1

CONSISTS OF DUCTLESS GLANDS THAT ACT TOGETHER W/ PARTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM TO HELP CONTROL BODY ACTIVITIES

Front 2

WHAT DO ENDOCRINE GLANDS SECRETE?

Back 2

SECRETE HORMONES THAT ARE TRANSPORTED IN BODY FLUIDS AND AFFECT CELLS THAT HAVE APPROPRIATE RECEPTOR MOLECULES OR TARGET CELLS

Front 3

WHAT ARE THE CELLULAR ACTIVITIES OF HORMONES?

Back 3

1. INFLUENCE RATE OF METABOLIC REACTIONS
2.TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES THROUGH CELL MEMBRANES
3.REGULATION OF WATER
4. BALANCE ELECTROLYTES

Front 4

DEFINE HOMEOSTATIS

Back 4

STATE OF EQUILIBRIUM IN WHICH THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE BODY REMAINS IN THE NORMAL RANGE

Front 5

HOW DO THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS HELP MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS?

Back 5

ENDOCRINE GLANDS CONTROLLS CELLULAR ACTIVITIES WHICH PLAYS IMPORTANT ROLE IN MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS FOR THE BODY.

Front 6

WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUEL FOR MITOCHONDRIA?

Back 6

GLUCOSE-SUGAR

Hint 6

THINK ABOUT CITRIC ACID CYCLE WHICH OCCURS IN MITOCHONDRIA

Front 7

WHAT HAS A PRIMAREY REGULATION ROLE IN THE TRANSPORT OF BLOOD SUGAR ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE?

Back 7

INSULIN PRODUCED BY THE BETA CELLS OF THE PANCREATIC ISLETS

Front 8

DEFINE DIABETES MELLITUS

Back 8

1. INDIVIDUALS DO NOT PRODUCE ENOUGH INSULIN

2.OTHER INDIVIDUALS DO NOT HAVE ADEQUATE TRANSPORT OF GLUCOSE INTO THE BODY CELLS WHEN CELLS LOSE INSULIN RECEPTORS

Hint 8

TWO PART ANSWER-TWO DIFFERENT WAYS

Front 9

WHEN CAN DIABETES OCCUR OR ONSET?

Back 9

ONSET IN CHILDHOOD-TYPE 1
ONSET LATER IN LIFE -TYPE 2

Hint 9

DEFINE FOR BOTH TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2

Front 10

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN HORMONE INSULIN?

Back 10

1. STIMULATE THE LIVER AND SKELETAL MUSCLES TO FORM GLYCOGEN FROM GLUCOSE
2.INHIBITS THE CONVERSION OF NONCARBOHYDRATES INTO GLUCOSE
3.PROMOTES FACILLITATED DIFFUSION OF GLUCOSE ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES OF CELLS POSSESSING INSULIN RECEPTORS
4.DECREASES BLOOD SUGAR(GLUCOSE)
5.INCREASES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
6.PROMOTES FAT STORAGE IN ADIPOSE CELLS

Hint 10

6 PART ANSWER

THINK ABOUT WHAT OCCURS TO A PERSON'S BODY WITH DIABETES TO HELP ANSWER

Front 11

HOW DOES A NORMAL PERSON PROCESS FOOD AND SUGARS AS WELL AS CARBOHYDRATES?

Back 11

1. BLOOD SUGAR INCREASES DURING NUTRIENT ABSORPTION AFTER A MEAL.
2.RISING GLUCOSE STIMULATES BETA CELLS OF PANCREAS TO SECRETE INSULIN
3.INSULIN PRVENTS SUGAR SURGES (HYPOGLYCEMIA) BY PROMOTING GLYCOGEN PRODUCTION IN THE LIVER
4. INSULIN INCREASES THE ENTRY OF GLUCOSE INTO MUSCLES AND ADIPOSE CELLS

Hint 11

4 PART ANSWER

Front 12

WHAT OCCURS TO BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN THE BODY BETWEEN MEALS AND DURING SLEEP?

Back 12

1. BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS DECREASE
2. INSULIN DECREASE

Hint 12

TWO PART ANSWER BOTH DECREASES

Front 13

WHAT DO NEURONS, LIVER CELLS, KIDNEY CELLS, AND RED BLOOD CELLS LACK OR HAVE LIMITED AMOUNTS?

Back 13

1.LACK INSULIN RECEPTORS
2. HAVE LIMITED INSULIN RECEPTORS

Hint 13

TWO PART ANSWER SIMILAR FOCUS TO QUESTION

Front 14

HOW DO NEURONS, LIVER CELLS, KIDNEY CELLS, AND RED BLOOD CELLS OBTAIN GLUCOSE?

Back 14

BY FACILLITATED DIFFUSION

Front 15

WHY DO NEURONS, LIVER CELLS, KIDNEY CELLS AND RED BLOOD CELLS NEED BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION?

Back 15

CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND ATP PRODUCUTION

Front 16

WHAT RESULTS OCCUR WHEN A PATIENT ON INSULIN FOR DIABETES MELLITUS IF THE INDIVIDUAL DOES NOT EAT PROPERLY?

Back 16

BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS MAY DROP DRASTICALLY(HYPOGLYCEMIC)

Front 17

WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS IF A DIABETIC PATIENT TREATED WITH INSULIN EXPERIENCES A DRASTIC DROP IN BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS(HYPOGLYCEMIC)?

Back 17

SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND CAN RESULT IN INSULIN SHOCK

Front 18

DEFINE TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS.

Back 18

1. RAPID ONSET EARLY IN LIFE (JUVENILE)
2. CAN OCCUR IN ADULTS (RARE)
3.INSULIN CAN NO LONGER BE PRODUCED BY THE BODY

Hint 18

THREE PART ANSWER

Front 19

WHAT DOES IDDM STAND FOR?

Back 19

INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS

Front 20

WHAT CAUSES INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (IDDM)?

Back 20

IT IS AN AUTO AMMUNE DISORDER OCCURS WHEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM DESTROYS BETA CELLS WHICH RESULTS IN A DECREASE IN INSULIN PRODUCTION

Front 21

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS?

Back 21

ADMINISTER INSULIN BY INJECTION

Front 22

WHAT PERCENT OF DIABETICS HAVE TYPE 1?

Back 22

10% TO 15%

Front 23

DEFINE TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

Back 23

1. GRADUAL ONSET
2. USUAL AFFECTS PATIENTS OVER 40 YRS OLD
3. BODY CELLS BECOME LESS SENSITIVE TO INSULIN
4. BODY MAY LOSE INSULIN RECEPTORS

Hint 23

4 PART ANSWER

Front 24

WHAT IS INSULIN RESISTANCE?

Back 24

WHEN BODY CANNOT RESPOND TO INSULIN EVEN THOUGH THE INSULIN LEVELS MAY REMAIN NORMAL

Front 25

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF DIABETICS ARE AFFECTED BY TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS?

Back 25

85% TO 90%

Front 26

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS?

Back 26

1. HEREDITY
2. OBESITY
3.LACK OF EXERCISE

Hint 26

3 PART ANSWER

Front 27

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS?

Back 27

1. A DIET THAT AVOIDS FOODS THAT STIMULATE INSULIN PRODUCTION
2. WEIGHT CONTROL
3. EXERCISE
4.MEDICATIONS (ORAL OR INJECTABLE)

Hint 27

4 PART ANSWER

Front 28

NAME TWO HORMONES SECRETING CELLS?

Back 28

1. ACIDOPHIL CELLS
2. BASOPHIL CELLS

Front 29

DEFINE HORMONES.

Back 29

1. CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE PRODUCED IN ONE PART OF THE BODY
2. CARRIED BY BLOOD AROUND THE BODY
3. CAUSES CERTAIN CELLS CALLED TARGET CELLS TO DO SOMETHING

Hint 29

3 PART ANSWER

Front 30

DEFINE NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Back 30

SWITCH IN SYSTEM WHEN ENOUGH OF MAKING A PRODUCT SHUTS THE SYSTEM DOWN OR SHUT DOWN A GLAND (LIKE A THERMOSTAT-TURNS ITSELF OFF AND ON)

Hint 30

THINK LIKE A THERMOSTAT -TURNS ITSELF OFF AND ON)