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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thyroid gland responsible for |
growth development and metabolism |
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parathyroid glands responsible for |
active in maintenance of calcium balance |
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adrenal glands (What do they secrete?) adrenal cortex adrenal medulla |
releases mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones (salt, sugar, and sex) releases epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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pancreas functions |
mainly known for insulin productions also responsible for production of glucagon |
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Thymus gland role |
immune function |
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pineal glands secrete |
melatonin |
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negative feedback |
enough is enough |
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anterior pituitary gland |
master gland 6 hormones: TSH, ACTH, GH, Gonadotropins (FSH, LH) PRL (proglactin |
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hypothalamus |
controls pituitary gland (anterior) releasing and inhibiting |
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pituitary gland |
under hypothalamus controlled by hypothalamus |
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TSH |
Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates T3 & T4 (metabolism T4 more sensitive need iodine to make T3 & T4 |
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ACTH |
adrenocorticofropic hormones target organ: adrenal gland adrenal cortex (on top of kidney) stimulates steroids to be released |
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cortisol |
steroid |
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GH |
Growth hormone target organ: somatotropic (whole body) - bone, cartilage, and skeletal muscle |
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FSH |
follide stimulating hormone target organ: testes (sperm & ova) testosterone |
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LH |
lutinizing hormone ovalation target organ: ovaries estrogen and progesterone |
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PRL |
prolactin target organ: breast tissue produce milk |
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posterior pituitary |
secretes 2 hormones: oxytocin, ADH |
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oxytocin |
organ target: uterus and breast uterus contractions breast - milk let down reflex - sends milk to nipple |
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ADH |
antidiuretic hormone target organ: kidney reabsorb water, increase blood volume, constricts blood vessels, increase blood pressure, strong vasopressin |
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Thyroid gland |
-secretes T3 & T4 and calatonin (anterior of neck) -maintains all phases of metabolism -needed for: central nervous system to grow and mature, normal growth and development |
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calcitonin |
regulates blood calcium in plasma -decreases calcium -tells bone to reabsorb calcium -located on thyroid |
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islets of langerhans |
cells in pancreas that make insulin and glucagon |
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thyroid gland |
responsible for growth, development, and metabolism |
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parathyroid glands |
active in maintenance of calcium balance |
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pancreas makes.... |
insulin |
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thymus gland role in.... |
immune function |
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pineal glands secrete.... |
melatonin |
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antagonist to calcitonin |
parathyroid (decrease ca, parathyroid increases) |
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adrenal medulla fight or flight hormones? |
epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Acromegaly |
-after puberty (bones have closed) -overproduction of growth hormone -characterized by bulging forehead, bulbous nose, thick lips, and coarse facial features -diagnosis based largely on medical history -treatment: dopamine agonist, somatostatin analogs, and surgery -nursing diagnosis: risk for trauma -safety diagnosis -remove tumor of pituitary gland and growth hormone will decrease
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gigantism |
-before puberty -overproduction of growth hormone before close of growth plates -leads to great height and size -assessment is aimed at early detection -treatment usually involves medication or surgery (transphenoidal) |
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dwarfism |
-hypopituitary dwarfism is caused by growth hormone deficiency -assessment is aimed at early detection -diagnostic exams include CT scan and MrI -medical management involves replacement of growth hormone -Nursing intervention aimed at early detection |
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diabetes insipidus |
-(posterior pituitary) ADH is deficient -results in electrolyte and fluid imbalances -s/s polyuria and polydipsia, urinary output exceeding 5-20 L per 24 hour, weak, tired, and lethargic, specific gravity is altered and skin turgor is poor, dehydration -nursing diagnosis: decrease fluid volume -treatment: focus on ADH deficiency -weighed daily and I&O monitor -meds effective when specific gravity normalizes |
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opposite of Diabetes Insipidus |
Syndrome of inappropriate Antidiuretic hormone |
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Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone |
-too much ADH -s/s: hyponatremia, hemodilution, and fluid overload, nausea, vomiting, irritability (d/t brain swelling), confusion, tremors, seizures, stupor, and coma -tx: strict fluid restriction (<5ml/day) |
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start with................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. |
hyperthyroidism |
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endocrine gland |
a gland that secretes one or more hormones that are carried to target tissue or tissues by the blood rather than by a duct |
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estrogen |
the main female sex hormone secreted by the ovaries and adrenal glands |
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follicle-stimulating hormone |
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes the ovary to secrete estrogen and allows one ovum each month to complete maturation |
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goiter |
an enlarged thyroid gland that can be seen as a distinct swelling in the neck. It can occur with either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism |
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hyperthyroidism |
an abnormal increase in thyroid gland activity, causing high blood levels of thyroid hormones and symptoms of increased metabolism |
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hypothyroidsm |
an abnormally low level of thyroid gland activity, causing low blood levels of thyroid hormones and symptoms of decreased metabolism |
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menarche |
the beginning of the years of menstruation in an adolescent female |
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menopause |
the cessation of menstrual periods and ovulation. natural menopause occurs as a result of age-related changes in the ovary, causing it to no longer to hormone stimulation of secreting estrogen and ovulation |
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menstruation |
the periodic shedding of the uterine lining that occurs as a result of the cyclic changes of hormone levels in females |
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metabolism |
the energy use of each cell and the work performed within the body |
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perimenopause |
the transition time in woman from having regular hormone cycles with menstrual periods to the time when menstrual periods have stopped for a full yearp |
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progesterone |
the female hormone that supports pregnancy by maintaining the thickened uterine lining |
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target tissue |
a tissue or organ that is affected or controlled by a specific hormone |
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thyroid crisis |
severe hyperthyroidism, also known as thyroid storm, that occurs when the disease is not treated or when the patient is very stressed. the symptoms can develop quickly and lead to seizures or heart failure (fever, high b/p, rapid irregular heart rate) |
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thyrotoxicosis |
another name for hyperthyroidism, causing the symptoms of an increased metabolic rate in all cells |
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
the main chemical energy substance that drives all the cellular reactions of the body |
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diabetes mellitus |
a metabolic disease that results from either the loss of ability to make insulin or the loss of receptor sensitivity to the presence of insulin |
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euglycemia |
a fasting blood glucose level that is in the normal range |
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normal range of blood glucose |
70-110 mg/dL |
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glucagon |
the hormone released by alpha cells of the pancreas that prevents hypoglycemia by breaking down glycogen from the liver into glucose |
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glucose |
the most common simple carbohydrate and the main fuel for the human body. once inside cells, glucose is used to make the chemical energy substance ATP |
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glycogen |
a human starch that serves as the storage form of extra glucose |
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hyperglycemia |
blood glucose level above normal (higher than 110 when fasting) |
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hypoglycemia |
blood glucose level below normal (lover than 70) |
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insulin |
the hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that prevents blood glucose levels from becoming too high |
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ketoacidosis |
an excessive buildup of ketone bodies that occurs when the cells use fat rather than glucose for fuel. ketone bodies are formed as a byproduct of fat metabolism |
