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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 3 important virulence factors for Neisseria strains? What do they cause? |
1. hemolysin - can cause DIC 2. heavily encapsulated - disseminate in bloodstream 3. LPS blebbed off - septic shock |
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Arthritis is associated with which STI bug? |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae & meningitidis |
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Are there vaccines for Neisseria bugs? |
Yes - but not for group B |
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What types of cells do Neisseria latch onto? What doe they use to latch on? |
Non-ciliated mucosal cells Pili (?) |
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Why can't we make a vaccine against Neisseria type B? |
The capsule contains sialic acid so is non-immunogenic (our own cells have that too) |
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What is a common physical sign of Neisseria gonorrhea? |
PMN-rich exudate (discharge) - PMNs are full of live Neisseria! |
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N. gonorrhoeae (inside neutrophils) |
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Why is there no vaccine for Neisseria gonorrhoeae? |
Hypervariability of surface proteins |
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What are the characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis? |
Obligate intracellular, gram negative 2 stage life cycle: reticulate (replicating) & elementary body (transmissible form) |
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What does Chlamydia cause in adults? In infants? |
Adults: urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, cervicitis, acute salpingitis, PID Infants: inclusion conjunctivitis, chlamydial pneumonia |
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Who should get tested for Chlamydia? |
1. Women under 25 2. Women in first trimester of pregnancy (and also in last trimester if risky behavior) 3. People with multiple sex partners or MSM |
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How to test for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in women? |
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) from vaginal or endocervical swab People who still have infection after treatment should have strain cultured for antibiotic resistance |
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How to test for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in men? |
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) from first catch urine test People who still have infection after treatment should have strain cultured for antibiotic resistance |
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Can you give a prescription for abx to the partner of someone diagnosed with Gonorrhea or Chlamydia, even without examining them? |
Yes |
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Describe the virulence factors of Treponema palladium? |
Trick question! Not many - no LPS, few outer membrane proteins (low antigen content), low multiplication rate |
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Buboes are... |
Swollen painless lymph nodes in primary syphilis |
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Condyloma lata vs condyloma acuminata |
Lata: syphilis acuminata: genital warts |
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Gummas are... |
Granulomatous lesions in tertiary syphilis |
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Hutchinson's triad is.... |
Result of congenital syphilis: 1. Malformations of teeth (notched) or bones 2. Active mucocutaneous syphilis at birth 3. Ocular or neurologic changes |
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How long after initial contact does primary syphilis present? |
2-10 weeks |
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What are the symptoms of secondary syphilis? |
Flu-like illness, myalgia, headache, fever, mucocutaneous rash |
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What is the causative agent of chancroid? |
Haemophilus Ducreyi |
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What does Haemophilus ducreyi look like? Grown on? |
Small gram negative coccobacilli Requires Hematin and NAD (chocolate agar) |
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What are the symptoms of chancroid? |
Tropical disease with painful genital ulcer with satellite lesions Often asymptomatic in women |
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What is the characteristic look of a gram stain from a chancroid ulcer? |
"School of Fish" |
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Chancroid |
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What is the causative agent of donovanosis / granuloma inguinale? Symptoms/ description? |
Klebsiella granulomatis Should be considered in the differential or genital ulcers in a native of the tropics or in travelers Nodules erode and become larger ulcers; bleed easily so 'beefy red' |
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Donovan bodies (Donovanosis) |
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What are the tell-tale symptoms of Trichomonas vaginalis? |
1. Foamy yellow discharge 2. Unusual smell 3. Itching & irritation 4. Diffuse macular erythematous lesions of the cervix "strawberry cervix" |
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What is transmitted in Trichomonas vaginalis? |
Trophozoite stage |
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How does Trichomonas change the pH of the vagina? |
Makes it more basic (> 4.5) |
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What is the tx of Trichomonas? |
Metronidazole |
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What are the most common bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis? What is a common test for this? PH change? Pathology giveaway? |
Gardenella, Mobiluncus, Prevotella Foul-smelling discharge >4.5 "Clue cells" |
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Clue cell, bacterial vaginosis |
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What are the signs & symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis? |
Thick white "cottage-cheese" discharge Recently completed antibiotics Vulvar erythema Normal pH |
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Pediculosis pubis is.... Incubation period? |
pubic lice from exposure to itching: 30 days |
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What are the signs of scabies? Incubation period? Persist how long after tx? |
(Sarcoptes scabei = mite) Skin of tiny pustules, mostly in the folds of the skin (fingers, wrists, ankles, genitals); itching gets worse at night 4-6 week incubation Persist 2-3 weeks |
