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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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difference between hereditary and non herediary |
the non hereditary started normal genes prior to damaged genes. They have the same transfer method |
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(sporadic/familial/hereditary) is the most common form of breast cancer |
sporadic |
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what si ER and how does it affect breast cancer patients |
Estrogen Receptor and it determines whether someone is responsive to endocrine therapy |
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what is SERM |
selective estrogen receptor modulator. Has tissue selectivity and has agonists (bone/brain/+) and antagonists (breast/uterus). Tamoxifen and raloxifene |
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advantages and disadvantages of tamoxifen |
ad: reduces breast cancer; is antagonist in breast and agonist in bone/uterus disad: increased risk for uterine cancer and blood blots. Tamoxifen also has resistance |
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what do mutations in HER2 cause |
overexpression. Oncogene |
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HER2+ or HER2- has more aggressive phenotype |
HER2+ |
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HER2+ or HER2- no response to anti HER2 therapy |
HER2- |
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what are anti HER 2 therapies |
herceptin and kinase inhibitors |
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what does herceptin do |
its an antibody that down regulates the receptor and inhibits anglogenesis |
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what is the percentage of women diagnosed with cancer |
29% |
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what is the major killer for women in terms of cancer |
lung and bronchus |
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what is the lifetime risk a women might get breast cancer |
1 in 8 |
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who has the highest risk of getting breast cancer |
old, single, white/black, who are born in north america or europe, with dense boobies |
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who has the lowest risk of getting breast cancer |
young, married, hispanic/american indian, and asian, born in asia/africa, living in rural area, with average bobbies |
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What increases risk of having breast cancer |
1. fam history of premenopausal bilateral cancer 2. fam history of BRCA1/2 tumor suppressor gene mutation 3. fam history of TP53 tumor suppressor gene mutation 4. fam history of PTEN tumor suppressor gene mutations |
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what is another name for chromosome 17q |
BRCA1 |
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what is another name for chromosome 13q |
BRCA2 |
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what is the percentage of BRCA1 lifetime risk |
breast cancer-50-85% secondary primary breast cancer-40-60% ovarian cancer- 40-50% |
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what is the percentage of BRCA2 lifetime risk |
breast cancer- 50-85% male breast cancer- 5-10% ovarian cancer- 10-20% |
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what other factors beside fam history have an increased risk of breast cancer |
having a baby after 30, no oophorectomy, before 12yrs start of menstrual cycle, menopause after 55, and on hormone replacement therapy |
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what other factors beside fam history have a decreased risk of breast cancer |
having a baby before 20, oophorectomy, 14+ when menarche, <50 when menopause, not on hormone replacement therapy |
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steps in mammary duct carcinogenesis |
1. normal duct cells 2. ductal hyperplasia 3. atypical ductal hyperplasia 4. ductal carcinoma in situ 5. DCIS with microinvasion 6. invasive ductal cancer |
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by what percentage does mammography reduce mortality |
26% |
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if tumor is ER+ then: |
often respond to endocrine antiestrogen therapy |
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if tumor is ER- |
no response to endocrine therapy |
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what drugs reduce estrogen biosynthesis |
aromatase inhibitors |
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what drugs are antagonistic ligands |
tamoxifen and raloxifene |
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advantages and disadvantages for raloxifene |
useful in breast cancer and maintains bone mineral density, reduced blood clots, uterine cancer, and resistance. |
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similarities with raloxifene and tamoxifen |
both antagonist and agonists in the same places |
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what are kinase inhibitors |
inhibit HER2 tyrosine kinase activity and downstream signaling |
