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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

difference between hereditary and non herediary

the non hereditary started normal genes prior to damaged genes. They have the same transfer method

(sporadic/familial/hereditary) is the most common form of breast cancer

sporadic

what si ER and how does it affect breast cancer patients

Estrogen Receptor and it determines whether someone is responsive to endocrine therapy

what is SERM

selective estrogen receptor modulator. Has tissue selectivity and has agonists (bone/brain/+) and antagonists (breast/uterus). Tamoxifen and raloxifene

advantages and disadvantages of tamoxifen

ad: reduces breast cancer; is antagonist in breast and agonist in bone/uterus


disad: increased risk for uterine cancer and blood blots. Tamoxifen also has resistance

what do mutations in HER2 cause

overexpression. Oncogene

HER2+ or HER2- has more aggressive phenotype

HER2+

HER2+ or HER2- no response to anti HER2 therapy

HER2-

what are anti HER 2 therapies

herceptin and kinase inhibitors

what does herceptin do

its an antibody that down regulates the receptor and inhibits anglogenesis

what is the percentage of women diagnosed with cancer

29%

what is the major killer for women in terms of cancer

lung and bronchus

what is the lifetime risk a women might get breast cancer

1 in 8

who has the highest risk of getting breast cancer

old, single, white/black, who are born in north america or europe, with dense boobies

who has the lowest risk of getting breast cancer

young, married, hispanic/american indian, and asian, born in asia/africa, living in rural area, with average bobbies

What increases risk of having breast cancer

1. fam history of premenopausal bilateral cancer


2. fam history of BRCA1/2 tumor suppressor gene mutation


3. fam history of TP53 tumor suppressor gene mutation


4. fam history of PTEN tumor suppressor gene mutations



what is another name for chromosome 17q

BRCA1

what is another name for chromosome 13q

BRCA2

what is the percentage of BRCA1 lifetime risk

breast cancer-50-85%


secondary primary breast cancer-40-60%


ovarian cancer- 40-50%

what is the percentage of BRCA2 lifetime risk

breast cancer- 50-85%


male breast cancer- 5-10%


ovarian cancer- 10-20%

what other factors beside fam history have an increased risk of breast cancer

having a baby after 30, no oophorectomy, before 12yrs start of menstrual cycle, menopause after 55, and on hormone replacement therapy

what other factors beside fam history have a decreased risk of breast cancer

having a baby before 20, oophorectomy, 14+ when menarche, <50 when menopause, not on hormone replacement therapy

steps in mammary duct carcinogenesis

1. normal duct cells


2. ductal hyperplasia


3. atypical ductal hyperplasia


4. ductal carcinoma in situ


5. DCIS with microinvasion


6. invasive ductal cancer

by what percentage does mammography reduce mortality

26%

if tumor is ER+ then:

often respond to endocrine antiestrogen therapy

if tumor is ER-

no response to endocrine therapy

what drugs reduce estrogen biosynthesis

aromatase inhibitors

what drugs are antagonistic ligands

tamoxifen and raloxifene

advantages and disadvantages for raloxifene

useful in breast cancer and maintains bone mineral density, reduced blood clots, uterine cancer, and resistance.

similarities with raloxifene and tamoxifen

both antagonist and agonists in the same places

what are kinase inhibitors

inhibit HER2 tyrosine kinase activity and downstream signaling