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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what is the panpiniform plexus?
vascular bundle of the teste

warm arterial blood dissipates heat to the cooler venous blood

helps to maintain scrotal temperature for spermatogenesis
Maturation and storage of sperm; absorption of fluid occurs where?
epididymus
Secretion of fructose, PGs, ascorbic/citric acid, amino acids,
etc. 60% of seminal fluid production.

occurs in what structure?
Seminal vesicles
sperm develop in what structure within the teste?
seminiferous tubule (starts in the epithelium and matures until in lumen)
what are the 4 stages of spermatogenesis
spermatogonial proliferation - mitosis

meiosis – reduction division (~24 days)

spermiogenesis - transformation from round spermatids into spermatozoa

spermiation – release into lumen of seminiferous tubule
male vs female

synchronous spermatogenesis/oogenesis
Males: Synchronous (all the cells are linked and mature at a common rate)

Females: a-synchronous (kind of random as to which oocyte wins out with maturing)
please discuss the H-P-Testis axis
GnRH-->ant pit-->LH/FSH

FSH: Sertoli cells- Inhibin (tuns off FSH)

LH: Leydig cells- Testosterone (regulates GnRH)
what hormone is required for the initiation of spermatogenesis? what other effect does this hormone have on spermatogenesis?
FSH

it also controls the rate of spermatogenesis
lack of what hormone will lead to atrophy of many the testicular structures?
Testosterone

trophic for epididymus, prostate, seminal vesicles
converted to dihydrotestosterone / estradiol
circulates bound to albumin or SHBG
what produces inhibin B? what does it do (male)
produced by Sertoli cells; (-) FSH

marker of testicular function
what is the role of estrogen in the teste?
fluid absorption

prevents blockage of the tubes
What is AMH produced by? Use? (males)
product produced by Sertoli cells; marker of testes

if a person's balls never dropped and you need to find out if they are actually even there, you check AMH. If you see AMH then you have balls, if not....sorrrrrrrryyyyy
what makes up the blood testis barrier? Importance?
gap junctions connect sertoli cells: forms blood testis barrier, prevents immune response to developing sperm (which might be seen as non-self)
what is the importance of androgen binding protein? what produces it?
allows testosterone to bind to it and increase the level of testosterone in the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis is occurring

produced by: sertoli cells
what cell phagocytizes degenerating germ cells?
Sertoli cells
what cell produces testosterone?
Leydig cells
where do sperm gain motility? what else happens here?
Epididymus

this is the maturation site!

storage occurs here
What is capacitation? where does it occur?

*****
change in mbrane fluidity, metabolism, intracellular [ion], pH,
rendering the spermatazoan fertilization competent

OCCURS IN FEMALE

necessary for acrosome reaction

note: decapatication factors in seminal fluid / epididymus
if a person has problems getting it up (ya know, a woody, boner, stiffy, hard on, fatty, nub love, sunburn sheet protection) what can you do?
Block PDE 5

keeps levels of cGMP which leads to smooth muscle relaxation
what is emission and ejaculation?
Emission: deposition of semen in posterior urethra
- entry of semen into bladder blocked by closure of bladder sphincter

thoracolumbar sympathetic induced smooth muscle contraction associated with
epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla, seminal vesicles, prostate
closure of bladder sphincter in response to sympathetic activation

Ejaculation: ejection of semen out urethra

somatic pudental efferents to striated muscles of the pelvic floor and bulbocavernosus
and ischiocavernosus (levator ani) muscles propels semen through urethra
What is Andropause?
↓ in circulating total serum [testosterone]
values remain within normal range

Leydig cell response to gonadotropins ↓

[inhibin] ↓

↓ Leydig cell number

patchy degeneration of seminiferous epithelium
What is a testicular varicocele?
kind of like vericose veins of the ballsack

problem with valves in veins draining the testes

most common in men between 15 and 25 years

seen most on left side of scrotum

may be palpable or observable on gross exam

common cause of male infertility
how can obesity effect male fertility?
you get FAT BALLS

literally fat in the scrotum that increases the heat of the scrotum thus killing off some spermys