End Of Year Science Revision

Front 1

What are the types of energy?

Back 1

Active:

-Sound

-Heat

-Radient

-Electric

-Kinetic

Potential:

-Magnetic

-Elastic

-Nuclear

-Gravitational

-Chemical

Front 2

How is energy measured?

Back 2

Energy is measured in joules (J) or kilojoules (KJ)

Front 3

What is the law of conservation and energy transfer?

Back 3

"Energy cannot be created or destroyed, simply transferred from one type to another"

Front 4

Recall the names of the digestive system

Back 4

Mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine (colon), appendix, rectum, anus.

Front 5

Describe Digestion

Back 5

- Food enters the body via the mouth.

- Teeth mechanically break down the food with the help of gastric juices and enzymes, as well as aiding the food down the oesophagus towards the stomach which chemically breaks down the food.

Front 6

Describe Absorption etc

Back 6

-Food molecules travel through the small intestine where they are absorbed by the villi into the bloodstream to be used in the cells of the body and provide energy (waste products remain)

- The remaining water is absorbed in the large intestine and the undigested solids are pushed out as feces.

Front 7

Describe Respiration (plus word equation)

Back 7

oxygen+glucose-->carbon dioxide+water+energy

Respiration is the chemical process of oxygen being diffused into the bloodstream (to be used by cells etc). Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli to be breathed out.

Front 8

Why does the body digest food?

Back 8

The body carries out digestion to convert large insoluble food molecules into smaller souble ones. The molecules can pass through the walls of the small intestine (via the villi) to dissolve into the bloodstream. This process gives us energy to eat, breathe, move, sleep etc.

Front 9

What are some types of food and what are they used for?

Back 9

Carbohydrates (pasta, bread)

A sugary & starchy substance. Provides energy.

Protein (meat, fish, eggs)

Required for growth and repair of muscle tissue.

Lipids (fats, oils)

Provides energy, insulate organs and make cell membranes.

Front 10

Descriptions of an element, compound and mixture

Back 10

Elements are pure substances that only contain one type of atom. They cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Compounds are formed when atoms from two different elements join together to form a bond.

Mixtures are impure substances formed when elements and/or compounds are mixed together without a chemical reaction.

Front 11

Recall the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures

Back 11

Elements are pure substances that only contain one type of atom. They cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Compounds are formed when atoms from two different elements join together to form a bond.

Mixtures are impure substances formed when elements and/or compounds are mixed together without a chemical reaction.

Front 12

Give examples of how mixtures can be seperated

Back 12

-filtering

-distilling

-evaporating

-magnetism

-sieving

Front 13

Define the terms solute, solvent and solution

Back 13

Solute

A substance being dissolved in liquid

Solvent

A liquid/fluid dissolving a solute

Solution

The result of a solute dissolving into a solvent

Front 14

Recall the first 20 elements and symbols

Back 14

Hydrogen H, Helium He, Lithium Li, Beryllium Be, Boron B, Carbon C, Nitrogen N, Oxygen O, Fluorine F, Neon Ne, Sodium Na, Magnesium Mg, Aluminum Al, Silicone Si, Phosphorus P, Sulfur S, Chlorine Cl, Argon Ar, Potassium K, Calcium Ca

Front 15

Recall other common elements and symbols

Back 15

Iron Fe, Copper Cu, Zinc Zn, Silver Ag, Tin Sn, Iodine I, Gold Au, Mercury Hg, Lead Pb, Platinum Pr

Front 16

Explain the difference between chemical and physical reactions

Back 16

In a physical change a substance doesn't change, but in a chemical change with a reaction a new substance is formed and energy is either given off or absorbed.

Front 17

Recall the different types of electromagnetic waves

Back 17

(In order from largest to smallest wave length)

Radio-waves, Micro-waves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultra-violet, X-ray, Gamma-ray

Front 18

Describe how electromagnetic radiation can be harmful to humans

Back 18

High levels of UV light can cause cancerous skin cells to appear. This happens as a result of melanocytes in the skin cells responding to the UV light

Front 19

Why might NZ have a higher rate of skin cancer than other countries?

Back 19

- We receive higher UV levels than comparable countries during summer

- Low ozone levels

- Significant proportion of the population has a skin types that burns easily (genetic heritage)

- Outdoor lifestyle

Front 20

Recall the light spectrum

Back 20

Red

Orange

Yellow

Green

Blue

Indigo

Violet

Front 21

Describe Reflection

Back 21

When light hits a surface and bounces off. When light hits a mirror it bounces off in a predictable direction - "The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence when measured from normal"

Front 22

Describe Refraction

Back 22

This occurs because light chanes speed and direction when moving from one medium to another. (Slows down and bends towards normal)

Front 23

Explain eye features and functions

Back 23

Cornea

Front part of the tough outer coat, it is transparent and refracts light (bends it as it enters the eye)

Iris

Pigmented (the colour of your eyes) - so light cannot pass through. Its muscles contract and relax to alter the size of its central hole or pupil, this controls how much light enters.

Lens

Transparent, flexible disc behind the iris attached by the suspensory ligaments. Focuses light onto the retina

Retina

The lining of the back of eye, a sensitive cell layer with rods and cones.

Optic nerve

A bundle of sensory neurones at back of eye that carries nerve impulses from the eye to the brain.

Front 24

Explain the importance of plants

Back 24

Plants create a waste product called oxygen during the process of photosynthesis, this gas is essential to human life. They also provide a source of food and in the form of starches and nutrients.

Front 25

Recall Mrs C Gren

Back 25

Movement

Respiration

Sensitivity

Circulation

Growth

Reproduction

Excretion

Nutrients

Front 26

Name features present in both plant and animal cells

Back 26

- Nucleus

- Cell membrane

- Cytoplasm

Front 27

Name features only present in a plant cell

Back 27

- Cells have a regular box-like shape

- Cell wall

- Chloroplast

- Vacuole

Front 28

Describe photosynthesis (plus word equation)

Back 28

Carbon Dioxide+water (light energy) ---> glucose+oxygen

Photosynthesis is the process of making food using light energy. Leaves use chloroplasts to capture sunlight during the day. They use water that has been absorbed by the roots and carbon dioxide that enters the leaf via the stomatal pores. The chloroplasts in the leaf cell combine these to form a glucose and a wast product called oxygen.

Front 29

Name the main organs in a flower

Back 29

Sepals protect the unopened flower bud

Petals attract insects

Stamen the male parts of the flower consisting of the anther held up on the filament.

Anthers produce male sex cells (pollen grains).

Stigma the top of the female part of the flower (style) which collects pollen grains

Ovary produces the female sex cells (ovules)

Nectaries produce sugary nectar which attracts insects

Front 30

Name the main organs in a leaf

Back 30

Wax Cuticle Protective outer layer

Upper epidermis Almost transparent layer of cells that protects the interior tissues

Palisade cells Where photosynthesis happens, contain a high number of chloroplasts.

Spongy layer (mesophyll) Loosely arranged cells that allow the movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour.

Stomata Openings at the bottom of the leaf that allow gases to diffuse in and out

Front 31

Describe pollination and fertilisation, and the difference between them

Back 31

- Pollination happens when an insect or the wind carries pollen from one flowers anther to anthers stigma

- Fertilisation is when the male and female sex cells join in the ovary and seeds are formed.

Front 32

What are the features of a leaf that are adapted for photosynthesis

Back 32

- Large surface area, to absorb more light

- Thin, short distance for carbon dioxide to diffuse into leaf cells

- Chlorophyll, absorbs sunlight to transfer energy into chemicals

- Network of veins, to support the leaf and transport water and carbohydrates

-Stomata, allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf

Front 33

What is the order of the planets?

Back 33

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

(My very exited mother just served us nachos)

Front 34

What must a planet provide in order to sustain human life

Back 34

- Temperature usually within 0-50 C

- Abundant water in a liquid state

- Atmosphere with oxygen and carbon dioxide gas

- Source of light for plants

- Protection from harmful radiation

Front 35

What is the Particle Theory of Matter?

Back 35

- All matter is made of Particles

- Particles are always moving

- Temperature affects this movement

Front 36

Describe the what an independent, dependent and control variable is

Back 36

Independent

What will change (hight the ball is released)

Dependent

What will be measured (how high it bounces)

Control

What stays the same (Size of the ball etc)

Front 37

Things to remember when making a line graph

Back 37

- SPLATZ

- Plot points with a cross

- Evenly space numbers

- Graphs don't always start at zero

- Label the axis

- Put units with the label