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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ankle strategy |
movement at the ankle to support body posture |
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hip strategy |
extending hip out to maintain equilibrium |
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stepping strategy |
taking a step to increase the base of support |
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"functional independence day" |
assessment of functioning throughout a day |
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what are some areas that might challenge balance? |
surface dependent: uneven or changing surfaces in home/community vision dependent issues: challenged by low light, closing eyes in shower while rinsing hair vestibular issue: will be dependent on other senses |
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what is more ideal, flexed or extended lower extremity when reaching down? |
-more effective to bend knees as you are more over the base of support |
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how does posture difficulties contribute to balance difficulties? |
-increased effort to hold body upright -other patterns to compromise may affect mobility -increased falls |
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what is a normal or axial force? |
a force perpendicular to the surface |
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what are forces that are tangential to the surface? what are possible issues they can cause? |
same as parallel -they can cause friction or shear -may cause tissue/skin damage |
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what is the equation of force that considers its movement? |
force = mass x acceleration |
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co-contraction of muscles |
-when two opposite muscles are applying force to cancel each other out -causes joint stability |
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synergy (muscle movements) |
-muscles acting together to produce specific movements |
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tenodesis action |
grasp pattern used in spinal cord injury -extending the wrist causes fingers to flex to hold an object -can be used to grasp objects when person loses ability to directly control finger flexors |
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first class lever |
-the fulcrum is in the middle -like a seesaw eg head on the spine |
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second class lever |
-the load is in the middle -effort and motion move in the same direction -like a wheelbarrow -like the ankle when standing up on tiptoes |
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third class levers |
-the load is on the side of the effort -the fulcrum is on the other side -mechanical advantage less than 1 -ie biceps picking up a weight |
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equation for torque regarding levers |
torque = force x movement arm distance from axis -ie how if a seesaw had a longer arm on one side, you would need less weight on that side to produce the same torque as the other side |
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endurance |
ability to sustain intensive activity |
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why do neurologically challenged muscles have greater fatigue? |
fewer motor units are available, those that are work harder |
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what requires more energy, upper or lower extremity work? |
upper extremity work |
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when is elbow flexion strongest and why? |
-when the moment arm is the longest |
