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71 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Palm method

Used to detect percentage of burns on a patient.



Patients hand = 1%



Also called rule of 1's

Layers of skin

Epidermis- watertight resilient barrier



Dermis- has all sensory structures



Subcutaneous- carries larger vessels and fatty.

Functions of skin

Protect against


-environment


-infections



Insulates underlying structures



Regulates body temp



Excretes waste


Contusion

Closed wound (aka bruise)



Swelling and discoloration, usually moments after incident

Hematoma

Closed wound ( similar to contusion)



Has tissue damage and potential greater blood loss

Abrasion

Open wound



Simple cuts and scrapes (superficially)

Laceration

Open wound



Deeper cuts typically to more than one layer of skin

Avulsion

Open wound



Flaps, loose, or removed skin tissue

Amputations

Open wound



Severed completely or hanging

Signs of internal bleeding

Surface injuries



Bruising



Swelling



Bleeding from either mouth or anus



Dark stools or coffee ground vomiting



Rigid abdomen



Shock

Treatment for impaled object

Expose wound



Control bleeding



Apply dressing



Leave impaled object in place unless poses a problem



Care for shock



Have patient comfortable



Transport

Signs and symptoms flail chest


Breathing pain



Paradoxical motion



Shock



Hypoxic



Broken ribs

Signs and symptoms cardiac tamponade

Blood filling in pericardium



Increased blood pressure and Heart rate



Distented neck veins

Signs and symptoms of pneumothorax or tension pneumothorax

Essentially air entering the chest cavity



Tension pneumo is same thing except that it occurs when air cannot escape and begins to build up in the chest cavity.



Trouble breathing



Air bubbles under skin



Wheezing or diminished lung sounds


3 sided dressing

Flutter valve dressing and is used to prevent tension pneumothorax

Glasgow coma scale

<14 considered in critical condition



Eye opening ( 4 points)



Verbal (5 points )



Motor ( 6 points )

PMS

Pulse



Motor



Sensory



This is used for fractures when applying splint, before and after.

Traction splint

High success rate and is used for leg injuries

Spinal column

Cervical 7 (breakfast)



Thoracic 12 (lunch)



Lumbar 5 ( dinner)

Cushing reflex

Increased BP



Lower Heart rate



Sign of rising intracranial pressure

Capillary permeability in burns

It increases ability of fluid to leak in blood vessels which can lead to hypovolemic shock.



Diminishes perfusion

Circumferential burns

These are burns surround or around an area.



Chest should be worrisome due to scarring restricted movement and causing lack of chest expansion.

Burns are classified as?

Superficial, partial thickness, full thickness

Superficial burn

Affects epidermis



Reddish coloration



Some swelling



Can be painful due to sitting on top of some nerves



Example: sun burns

Partial thickness

Affects epidermis and dermis



Painful due to majority of nerves in dermis



Plasma and tissue fluid collects between layers of skin and blisters form

Full thickness burn

Burns through all three layers of skin



Skin is dry, hard, leathery, white and waxy, black or charred look



Little to no pain due to most nerves being destroyed

Eschar

Tough and leathery dead tissue in the full thickness burn

Factors in severity of burn

Age (<5 and >55) less tolerance



Source or agent



Body region burned



Depth or extent of burn



Medical conditions

Treatment for burn victims

Clean, keep patient warm, and transport.



Nothing else!



Wash any burn for around 20 minutes

Hollow organs?

Stomach



Intestines small and large



Gall bladder



Urinary bladder

Periosteum

Strong white fiber around bones

Bone marrow function

Site of red blood cell production

Types of fractures

Comminuted- multiple fractures



Greenstick- incomplete fracture



Angulated- segmented fractures at angles

Sprain

Stretching and tearing of ligaments or muscle



Damage to connective tissue

Strain

Stretching of muscle

Compartment syndrome

Constant swelling till perfusion is not possible.



Body doing more harm than good

Ligament laxity typical in

Pregnant women



Down syndromes

Dermatome

Area of body innervated by one spinal nerve

Rule of nines

Applies to burns victims and only applied to partial or full thickness burns.

5 types of burns

Thermal



Inhaled



Electrical



Chemical



Radiation

Scald burn

Contact with hot liquid

Electrical burns

Causes more internal burns than external

Functions of musculoskeletal system

Give body shape



Protect organs



Provide movement



Store salts and metabolic substances



Produces red blood cells for oxygen transport

Three types of muscles

Cardiac- around the heart (involuntary)



Smooth- surrounds organs (involuntary)



Skeletal- everything that connects to a bone. Our movement muscles ( voluntary)

Tendons

Connect muscle to bone

Ligaments

Connect bone to bone

Cartilage

Comprised of connective tissue



Strong



Smooth



Flexible



Shock absorber



Lowers amount of friction between bones

6 components of skeletal system

Skull



Spine



Thorax



Pelvis



Lower extremities



Upper extremities

Skeletal system divided into

Axial and appendicular skeleton

Axial skeleton

Head



Thorax



Spine

Appendicular skeleton

Extremities



Shoulders



Pelvis

Types of motion

Flexion- bring in



Extension- push away



Adduction- bring closer to midline of body



Abduction- take away from midline



Rotation- rotate



Circumduction- hips and shoulders to move in multiple directions, circular motion

Fracture

Break in continuity of bone

Types of fracture

Open- breaks through skin



Closed- within the skin

Osteoporosis

Bone disorder that weakens bones and makes fractures likelier to occur

Types of injuries

Direct force



Indirect force



Twisting or rotation force

Fracture to pelvis or femur

Expect Major blood loss



Traction splint goals

Align ends of bone to prevent inury and reduce pain



Allow less blood to accumulate

Types of splints

Rigid



Pressure- blow up ones



Traction- provide a counterpull



Formable- malleable



Vacuum- suck out air and becomes rigid



Improvise

Qualifications for improvised splint

Light



Wide



Long enough



Padded well

Parethesia

Pricking or tingling felt when loss of sensation

Traction splint contraindicated when

Injury is close proximity to knee



Knee hip or pelvis is injured

Steps for treatment of fractures

Assess ABC



Immobilize and splint



Elevate



Apply cold packs

Brain occupies how much of the skull?

80-90%

3 major divisions of brain

Cerebrum



Cerebellum



Brain stem

Three meninges that enclose brain

Dura mater



Arachnoid membrane



Pia mater



These are layers of tissue

Types of skull fractures

Linear



Depressed- pushed inward



Closed



Open



Basilar- base of skull fracture ( often causes leakage of cerebrospinal fluid)

DAI

Diffuse axonal injury



Shearing- tearing- stretching of nerve fibers in brain



Concussion is a mild case of DAI


Signs of concussion

Momentary confusion



Amnesia



Combativeness



Inappropriate behavior



Nausea



Vomiting



Restlessness

Types of subdural hematoma

Acute- immediately after injury



Occult- bleeding occurs for long time before symptoms occur

Subdural hematoma

Blood between the dura mater and arachnoid layer of brain.



Bleeding from small bridging veins