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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Designated Agent
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An EMT or other person authorized by a Medical Director to give medications and provide emergency care. The transfer of such authorization to a designated agent is an extension of the Medical Director's license to practice medicine
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Evidence-based
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Description of medical techniques or practices that are supported by scientific evidence of their safety and efficacy, rather than merely by supposition and tradition
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Medical Direction
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Oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by a Medical Director
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Off-line medical direction
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Consists of standing orders issued by the Medical Director that allow EMS to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the Medical Director or another physician
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On-line medical direction
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Consists of orders given directly by the on-duty physician to an EMT in the field by radio and telephone
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Medical Director
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A physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient-care aspects of the EMS system
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911 system
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A system for telephone access to report emergencies. A dispatcher take the information and alerts EMS or the fire or police departments as needed.
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Enhanced 911
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System which has the additional capability of automatically identifying the caller's phone number and location
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Patient Outcomes
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The long-term survival of patient
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Protocols
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Lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situation. Developed by the Medical Director of an EMS system
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Quality Improvement
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A process of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that require improvement
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Standing orders
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A policy or protocols issued by a medical director that authorizes EMTs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations
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Hepatitis
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Infection that causes inflammation of the liver
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Tuberculosis (TB)
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An infection that sometimes settles in the lungs and in some cases can be fatal
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AIDS
Acquires immune deficiency syndrome |
A set of conditions that results when the immune system has been attacked by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus) and rendered unable to combat certain infections adequately
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Contamination
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The introduction of dangerous chemical, disease, or infectious material
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Critical incident stress management (CISM)
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A comprehensive system that includes education and resources to both prevent stress and to deal with stress appropriately when it occurs
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Decontamination
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The removal of cleansing of dangerous chemical and other dangerous or infectious material
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Hazardous material incident
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The release of a harmful substance into the environment
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Multiple-casualty incident (MCI)
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An emergency involving multiple patients
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Pathogens
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The organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria
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Personal protective equipment (PPE)
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Equipment that protect the EMS worker from infection and/or exposure to the dangers of rescue operations
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Standard Precautions
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A strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious
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Stress
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A state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus
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Stages of reacting to death
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Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
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Chicken pox mode of transmission
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Airborne droplets
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Bacterial Meningitis mode of transmission
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Respiratory secretions or oral and nasal secretions
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Tuberculosis mode of transmission
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Respiratory secretions or oral and nasal secretions
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Pneumonia mode of transmission
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Respiratory secretions or oral and nasal secretions
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Disease mothers can pass on to infants
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AIDS
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Phases of adaptation
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Alarm, Exhaustion, and Distress
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Bariatric
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Having to do with patients who are significantly overweight or obese
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Body Mechanics
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The proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving and prevent injury
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Direct carry
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A method of transferring a patient from a bed to stretcher, during which 2 or more rescuers curl the patient to their chest, then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher
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Direct ground lift
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A method of lifting and carrying a patient from ground level to a stretcher in which two or more rescuers kneel, curl the patient to their chests, stand then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher
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Draw-sheet method
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A method of transferring a patient from a bed to stretcher by grasping and pulling the loosened bottom sheet of the bed
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Extremity lift
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A method of lifting and carrying a patient during which one rescuer slips hands under the patient's armpits and grasps the wrists, while another rescuer grasps the patient's knees
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Power grip
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Gripping with as much hand surface as possible in contact with the object being lifted, all fingers bent at the same angle, and hands at least 10 inches apart
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Power lift
"Squat-lift position" |
A lift from a squatting position with weight to be lifted close to the body, feet apart and flat on the ground, body weight on or just behind the balls of the feet, and the back locked-in. The upper body is raised before the hips
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Emergency moves
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Moves that may aggravate spine injuries and are reserved fro life-threatening situations
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Urgent moves
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Moves are used when the patient must be moved quickly but there is time to provide, quick, temporary spinal stabilization
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Non-urgent moves
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Normal ways of moving a patient to a stretcher after performing a complete on scene assessment and competing any needed spinal stabilization and immobilization
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Abandonment
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Leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical training
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Advance Directive
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A DNR order; instructions written in advance of an event
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Assault
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Placing a person in fear of bodily harm
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Battery
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Causing bodily harm to or restraining a person
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Confidentiality
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The obligation not to reveal information obtained about a patient except to other health care professionals include in the patient's care, or under subpoena, or in a court of law, or when the patient has signed a release of confidentiality
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Consent
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Permission from the patient for care or other action by the EMT
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Crime scene
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The location where a crime has been committed or any place that evidence relating to a crime may be found
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Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order
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A legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitative measures
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Duty to Act
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An obligation to provide care to a patient
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Ethical
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Regarding a social system or social or professional expectations for applying principles of right and wrong
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Expressed consent
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Consent given by adults who are of legal age and mentally competent to make a rational decision in regard to their medical well-being
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Good Samaritan laws
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a series of laws, varying in each state, designed to provide limited legal protection for citizens and some health care personal when they are administering emergency care
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HIPAA
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The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, a federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over how this information is used and distributed
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Implied consent
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The consent it is presumed a patient or patient's parent or guardian would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient, or parent who cannot be contacted when care is needed
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In loco parentis
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In place of the parents, indicating a person who may give consent for care of a child when the parents are not present or able to give consent
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Liability
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Being help legally responsible
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Libel
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False or injurious information in written form
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Moral
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Regarding personal standard or principles of right and wrong
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Negligence
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A finding of failure to act properly in a situation in which there was a duty to act, that needed care as would reasonably be expected of the EMT was not provided, and that harm was caused to the patient as a result
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Organ donor
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A person who has completed a legal document that allows for donation of organs and tissues in the event of death
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Re ipsa loquitur
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A latin term meaning "the thing speaks for itself"
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Safe haven laws
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A law that permits a person to drop off an infant or child at a police, fire, or EMS stations or to deliver the infant or child to any available public safety personnel. The intent of the law is to protect children who may otherwise be abandoned or harmed
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Scope of practice
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A set of regulation and ethical considerations that define the scope, or extent and limits, of the EMT's job
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Slander
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False or injurious information stated verbally
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Standard of care
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An EMT's provided care for a specific patient in a specific situation, the care that would be expected to be provided by an EMT with similar training when caring for a patient in a similar situation
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Tort
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A civil, not a criminal, offense; an action or injury caused by negligence from which a lawsuit may arise
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Exhalation is a_______ process
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Passive
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Inhalation is a _______ process
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Active
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How many total lung lobes are there
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5
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How many lobes in the left lung
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2
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How many lobes in the right lung
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3
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What is Sellick's Maneuver
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Cricoid pressure to prevent gas from entering the stomach during assisted ventilations
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Normal respiratory rate
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12-20
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Where the lungs split into 2 right and left
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Carina
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Where is the vocal cords located
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Larynx
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Can occur during strenuous exercise; Sharp chest Pain
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Spontaneous pneumothorax
"Collapsed Lung" Can turn into a Tension Pneumothorax when BP drops |
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Destroy the alveoli:
Pursed Lips is a sign |
Emphysema
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The amount of air that reaches the alveoli in adults
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350 mL
500ml total but 150ml is dead space |
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High pitched sound cause by upper airway swelling due to an obstruction, epiglottis or croup
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Stridor
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What kind of lubricant should be used for a NPA
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Water-based
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When respirations are too slow you should use a ___________
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Bag-valve mask
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Febrile patient coughing up "rusty" spit with difficulty breathing and dull chest pain has_______
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Pneumonia
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High-pitched sound heard on exhalation is_____ and is due to a lower airway obstruction or construction
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Wheezing
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Patient has a completely obstructed airway and becomes unconscious. You should_______
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Start chest compressions
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Unilateral chest pain, recently had surgery. You suspect___________
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Pulmonary Embolism
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Long term inflammation of the bronchioles; constant coughing. Indicates_____
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Chronic bronchitis
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What position should you place an individual who just awoke after an AED shock
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Recovery
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Blockage of a coronary artery is known as______ or _______ or __________
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Heart Attack
Myocardial Infarction Acute coronary syndrome |
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Heart Attack Symptoms
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Upper Abdominal discomfort
Pain into the left arm or left jaw |
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Difficulty breathing, slurred speech and loss of control of as side of the body are symptoms of a ________
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Stroke
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Left heart failure causes
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Pulmonary Edema
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Right heart failure causes
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Jugular vein distension
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Brief loss of consciousness is called a ______
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Syncopal episode
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A patient is unresponsive and bystanders do not know for how long. What should you do?
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Check for a pulse
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How should you check the pulse of a hypothermic patient?
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Carotid for up to 45 seconds
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Patient complaintes of shortness of breath starting during the night with no chest pain. You should suspect________
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Congestive Heart Failure
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What is the most important question for stroke patient's families?
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When did the patient last appear normal?
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Once an ALS crew intubates a patient what compression/breath ratio should you perform?
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Continuous compressions 100per/min with 9 breaths per minute
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What should you do if a patients pulse is below 60?
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Start chest compressions
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What should you do if a patients pulse is between 60-80?
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Assist ventilations
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Acetone on their breath indicates
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Hyperglycemic
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prolong diarrhea can cause _____ and _____
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hypovolemic shock and dehydration
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Patients skin is jaundice colored. You suspect _______?
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Hepatitis
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_______ can appear as drunk
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Hypoglycemic
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Patients with indications of appendicitis should be transported in what position?
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The fetal position
Takes the strain off of the abdomen |
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Tenderness when you take your hands off of the lower right quadrant of the abdomen indicates _______?
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Appendicitis
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What do you do if the stinger is left in a patient?
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Remove it by scraping with a card
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Does hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia take longer to appear?
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Hyperglycemia shows up in days while hypoglycemia shows up in hours
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If a patient begins seizing while you are administering oral glucose. You should do what?
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Abandon the oral glucose
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What should you do first to a patients extremity which has been bitten by a snake?
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Splint and immobilize the extremity to prevent movement which would increase the diffusion
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Pinpoint pupils and bradypnea are in indication of what class of drug?
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Narcotics
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Tachycardia, tachypnea and hypertension are all signs of what class of drug?
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Amphetamines
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Type of seizure that affects muscles and nerves but does not change mental status
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Focal Motor
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A "barking cough" is a sign of_________?
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Croup
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What is the appropriate rate of ventilations for a neonatal patient?
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40-60 times per minute
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What kind of dressing should a major burn victim get?
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Dry dressings
Wet dressings may cause massive heat loss |
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What is it call when the placenta separates from the uterine wall causing pre-birth bleeding with acute pain.
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Abruptio Placenta
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"I wet myself and i need to have a bowel movement" is a sign of?
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Imminent delivery
It means her water broke and the baby's head is moving down the birth canal |
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What is gestational diabetes?
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Diabetes developed during pregnancy
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What does it mean when the mother feel the need to push after the baby is born?
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The placenta will soon be delivered
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What does vaginal bleeding early on in pregnancy indicate?
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Spontaneous abortion
"miscarriage" |
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What is Hyperemesis gravidum?
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Extreme nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that leads to dehydration
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What is it called when the placenta has formed in an abnormally low location within the uterus?
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Placenta previa
May be indicated by late pregnancy vaginal bleeding with no pain |
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Headaches, nausea and hypertension are all symptoms of what?
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pre-eclampsia
They are called eclampsic once a patient has a seizure |
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What is the term for an umbilical cord that is wrapped around an infant's neck?
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Nuchal Cord
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If a nuchal cord is present but you are unsuccessful in unwrapping the cord, what do you do?
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Clamp and cut the cord
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What should you do if a mother is bleeding heavily after the birth is complete?
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Massage her uterus over the lower abdomen
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What is massaging the uterus called?
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Fundal massage
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What is a prolapsed cord?
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An umbilical cord that presents first during delivery
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What is supine hypotensive syndrome?
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Occurs in pregnant women who lie on their backs. The pressure on the vena cava slows the flow and therefor lowers the blood pressure
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How does a full thickness burn present?
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White, waxy and painless
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How does a superficial burn present?
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Pink or red with little or no swelling
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What is the term for the injury in which the epidermis remains intact, but cells and blood vessels in the dermis may be damaged?
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Contusion
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What should you do if you meet resistance when trying to splint an extremity?
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Stop
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Hypotension, absent radial pulse, absent lung sounds tracheal deviation and jugular vein dissension are symptoms of what?
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Tension pneumothorax
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What is it called when the pericardial sac is filled with blood?
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Cardiac tamponade
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Glascow Coma Scale Overview
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Eyes 4
Verbal 5 Motor 6 |
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Glascow Coma Scale Eyes
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1 no eye opening
2 eye opening to pain 3 eye opening to verbal command 4 eyes open spontaneously |
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Glascow Coma Scale Verbal
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1 No verbal response
2 Incomprehensible sounds 3 Inappropriate words 4 Confused 5 Orientated |
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Glascow Coma Scale Motor
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1 No motor response
2 Extension to pain 3 Flexion to pain 4 Withdrawal from pain 5 Localizing pain 6 Obeys Commands |
