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52 Cards in this Set

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Advanced Life Support (ALS)
advanced lifesaving procedures
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
legislation designed to protect individuals with disabilities against discrimination
Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA)
federal legislation limiting availability of patients' health care info and penalizing violations of patient privacy
Medical Director
the physician who authorizes or delegates to the EMT the authority to provide medical care in the field
Medical Control
physician instructions that are given directly by radio or cell phone (online/direct) or indirectly by protocol/guidelines (off-line/indirect), as authorized by the medical director of the service program
The Grieving Process
1.Denial
2.Anger
3.Bargaining
4.Depression
5.Acceptance
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
an infection control concept and practice that assumes that all body fluids are potentially infectious
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD)
a confidential peer group discussion of a severely stressful incident, usually occurring within 24 to 72 hours of the incident
Duty to Act
you cannot deny care to a patient who you suspect has a communicable disease, even if you believe that the patient poses a risk to your safety
Toxicity Levels of Hazardous Materials
0-Little to no hazard-No protection needed
1-Slightly Hazardous-Level C Suit
2-Slightly Hazardous-Level C Suit
3-Extremely Hazardous-Level A or B Suit
4-Minimal Exposure Causes Death-Level A Suit
standard of care
the manner in which you must act or behave
duty to act
an individual's responsibility to provide patient care
negligence
the failure to provide the same care care that a person with similar training would provide
abandonnment
the unilateral termination of care by the EMT without the patient's consent and without making any provisions for continuing care by a medical professional with skills at the same or higher level
expressed consent
when the patient speaks or acknowledges that he/she wants you to provide care or transport
implied consent
when patient is unconscious, delusional, unresponsive, or otherwise physically unable to give expressed consent
assault
unlawfully placing a person in fear of immediate bodily harm
battery
unlawfully touching a person (including providing emergency care without consent)
competent
patient able to make rational decisions about his/her well-being
advance directive
a document that specifies medical care that a person would like to have administered should he/she become unable to make medical decisions
DNR orders
give you permission not to attempt resuscitation
*must be signed by patient or legal guardian and at least 1 doctor
Definitive Signs of Death
-obvious mortal damage
-dependent lividity (blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin)
-rigor mortis
-putrefaction (decomposition of body tissues)
Anterior/Posterior

Lateral/Medial

Superior/Inferior
Front/Back

Toward the outside/Toward the inside, middle

Closer to the head, higher/Farther from the head, lower
Proximal/Distal

Dorsal/Ventral

Palmar/Plantar
Closer to the midline/Further from the midline

Toward the spine/Toward the superficial abdomen

The front region of the head/The bottom of the foot
Flexion/Extension

Adduction/Abduction
The ending of a joint/The straightening of a joint

Motion toward the midline/Motion away from the midline
Prone Position

Supine Position
The body in lying face down

The body is lying face up
Fowler's Position

Trendelenburg Position

Shock Position (Modified Trandelenburg)
A patient sitting up with knees bent

Body lying supine on backboard with feet 6"-12" above the head

Trunk and head of body lie flat, lower extremities elevated 6"-12"
Spine
Cervical--first 7 vertebrae
Thoracic--next 12 vertebrae
Lumbar--next 5 vertebrae
Sacrum--next 5 vertebrae
Coccyx--last 4 vertebrae (tailbone)
Names of Regions
Normal Respiration Rates
Adults: 10-20 breaths/min
Children: 15-30 breaths/min
Infants: 25-50 breaths/min
Signs of Inadequate Breathing
-muscle retractions above the clavicles, btwn the ribs, and below the rib cage, especially in children
-pale or cyanotic (blue) skin
-cool, damp (clammy) skin
-tripod position
Normal Heart Rates
Adults: 60-100 bpm
Children: 70-150 bpm
Infants: 100-160 bpm
autonomic nervous system
the part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating, that are not controlled voluntarily
somatic nervous system
the part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there's voluntary control
central nervous system (CNS)
the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
part of nervous system that consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves
hypoxic drive
a backup system to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood
perfusion
the circulation of oxygenated blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs
chief complaint
the reason the patient called for help
symptoms
the problems or feelings the patient reports to you
signs
objective conditions that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured by others
SAMPLE history
S-Signs/Symptoms
A-Allergies
M-Medications
P-Pertinent Past History
L-Last Oral Intake
E-Events Leading to Injury or Illness
OPQRST
O-Onset
P-Provocation
Q-Quality (sharp, dull, crushing)
R-Radiation/Region
S-Severity (scale of 1 to 10)
T-Time
Vital Signs
-respirations
-pulse
-blood pressure
-skin temp and condition
-capillary refill
-pupils
-level of consciousness (LOC)
tachycardia

bradycardia
pulse rate > 100 bpm

pulse rate < 60 bpm
cyanosis
a bluish-gray skin color that is caused by reduced levels of oxygen in the blood
jaundice
a yellow skin or sclera (white of the eye) color that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction
diaphoretic
skin condition characterized by profuse sweating
systolic bp

diastolic bp
represents the max pressure to which the arteries are subjected

represents the minimum amt of pressure that is always present in the arteries
hypotension

hypertension
when bp is lower than normal range

when bp is higher than normal range
Nomal BP
Adults: 90-140 (systolic)
Children: 80-110 (systolic)
Infants: 50-95 (systolic)
Level of Consciousness (LOC)
A-Awake and Alert
V-Responsive to Verbal Stimuli
P-Responsive to Painful Stimuli
U-Unresponsive
mneumonic
Pupils
P-Pupils
E-Equal
R-Round
R-Reactive
L-Light
A-Accomodation
mneumonic