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75 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Normal anatomical position
standing facing forward w/ palms facing forward
midline plane
vertical line through nose and umbilicus
divides body into right and left
Mid-axillary plane
vertical line drawn through armpit to ankle
divides body into anterior and posterior
Bilateral
used in describing both R and L sides relative to each other.
(lung assessment)
medial
towards center
Lateral
Away from center
proximal
towards torso
distal
away from torso
Midclavicular lines
Imaginary lines the divide the clavicles into and extend down through the trunk to the nipples
Superior
above
inferior
below
Anterior
in front
Posterior
behind
Dorsal
back(top of and and top of foot)
Ventral
Front
PLantar
bottom of foot
Palmar
palms
Prone
(transport pos,.)
on stomach
Supine
(transport pos.)
on back
Fowler's
(transport position)
head elevated at 45 degree angle
Trendelenburg's
(transport position)
Flat on back at incline w legs elevated
- so gravity can return blood to heart
Left Lateral Recumbent
(recovery position)
on left side
-so fluids can drain
Shock POsition
(Transport pos.)
supine w legs elevated 12in starting at hip
Skeletal System Function
1- provides Structure
2- Protects vital organs
3-Locomotion
4- provides a place for muscle to attach to bone
Function of skull
houses and protects the brain
How many sections does the spinal column have?
5
Name the sections of the spinal column and how many vertebre they have.
cervial(most imp to spinal injuries)-7
thoracic-12
lumbar-5
sacral-fused and do no articulate-5
coccyx-4 fused
33total vertebre
Pharynx
a muscular tube known as the throat
Eppiglottis
a leaf like appendage that keeps food and liquid out of trachea
Larynx
Voice box
Thyriod cartilage=adam's apple
Cricoid Cartilage
makes up rings of stiff cartilage to keep trachea open
Bronchi
2 major branches of the trachea to lungs
Bronchioles
subdivide into smaller air passages ending at the aveoli
Aveoli
where aveolar/capilary
Aveolar/capillary exchange
w each breath O2 enters the blood in the aveoli, and CO2 &H2O escape the blood in aveoli
Capillary/cellular exchange
cells release CO2 into capillaries
cells take in O2 from capillaries
Inhalation
(active)
diaphram and intercostal muscles contract
-ribs move inward and outward
-increase of thoracic cavity
-Air flows into lungs
Exhalation
(passive)
Diaphram and intercostal muscles relax
-ribs move downward and inward
-decrease in size of thoracic cavity
-Air escapes lungs
Adequate breathing rates
Adult- 12-20/min
Child- 15-30/min
infant 25-50/min
Assessment of quality of breathing
1- breath sounds (present and equal)
2- chest expansion (adequate and equal)
3- use of accessory muscles
Assessment of breathing
1- Quality
2-Rhythm( regular vs. irregular)
3-Rate
4- depth
Signs of inadequate breathing
- absent/ diminished breath sounds
-Skin may become pale or cyanotic
-retractions above clavicles, between ribs and below ribs
-Nasal flaring
-in infants 'seesaw' breathing
-agonal breaths
discuss blood flow in the heart
vena cava>right atriumthrough tricuspid valve>right ventricle> pulmonary arteries>lungs> aveolar/capillary exchange>pulmonary veins>left atrium>left ventricle>aorta> systemic circulation and cellular/capillary exchange
What is heart made of
cardiac muscle
Heart
1. has ability
to generate pulses
How is the heart supplied with O2?
through coronary arteries
(major artery)
FUNCTION of arteries
carry blood away from heart
-arteries will produce a wave form with each beat=pulse
Aorta
(major artery)
receives blood from L ventricle
Pulmonary artery
(major artery)
takes blood to lungs to oxygenate
Carotid Artery
(major artery)
-1 on each side of neck
most reliable pulse in shock or when unconscious
-BP must be 60 to palpate
Femoral Artery
(major artery)
1 on each side of the lateral groin area
BP must be 70 to palpate
Radial ARtery
(major)
most common place to check pulse vital sign
-BP must be 90
Brachial Artery
-paplated for kids and infants for vital signs
-
POsterior tibial Artery
Used when serious leg injury has occured
Dorsal pedalis
top of foot
DEFINE:Perfusion
The process of circulatiion of blood to the organs deliveringO2 and removing waste
FUNCTION: veins
vessles that carry blood back to heart
4 components of blood
1- white blood cells
2- red blood cells (carry O2 to cells)
3- platelets(cause clotting)
4-plasma (H2O and hemoglobin which carries O2 to blood and releases it when it reaches tissues
periphial pulses
1-radial
2-brachial
3-posterior tibial
4- dorsalis pedis
on extremities
Central pulses
1-carotid
2-femoral
Closer to the heart so they r bigger
DEFINE - blood pressure
the pressure exerted against the insdie of the arterial walls
Systolic
pressure exerted against arterial walls LV contracts
Diastolic
pressure exerted against the walls when LV is at rest
PULSE
LV contracts and sends a wave of blood through arteries
Hypoperfusion
shock
-inadequate circulation of blood through organ or structure
-profound circulatory collapse causing depression of the vital processes of the body
Symptoms of Hypoperfusion
1- pale or cyanotic skin
2-cool and diaphoretic skin
3- elevated weak pulse
4-elevated shallow respiratory rate
5-altered menatl status or coma
6-low BP(hypotension)
Causes of Hypoperfusion
1- Circulatory Volume loss
external, internal or dehydration
2-Blood vessel blockage(stroke)
3- Dilation of all arteries
septic shock and anaphylatic shock
Voluntary(skeletal) muscle
-attached to bones
-form majority of mscl mass of body
-controlled by nervous system
Involuntary(smooth) muscle
in gastrointestinal tract and within blood vessels and bronchi
FUNCTION- nervous system
control voluntary & involuntary activity of the body
Components :Central nervous system
brain
spinal chord
Nerve count
Cranial-12
cervical-8
thoracic-12
lumbar-5
sacral-5
coxal-1
FUNCTION: skin
1- regulates temperature
2-senses heat, cold, pressure and pain
3-proects body from environment, bacteria and other organisms
3 layer of skin
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous layer
FUNCTION: endocrine system
secretes chemicals such as insulin and adrenaline
responsible for regulating body activities and functions