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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Normal anatomical position
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standing facing forward w/ palms facing forward
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midline plane
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vertical line through nose and umbilicus
divides body into right and left |
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Mid-axillary plane
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vertical line drawn through armpit to ankle
divides body into anterior and posterior |
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Bilateral
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used in describing both R and L sides relative to each other.
(lung assessment) |
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medial
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towards center
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Lateral
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Away from center
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proximal
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towards torso
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distal
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away from torso
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Midclavicular lines
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Imaginary lines the divide the clavicles into and extend down through the trunk to the nipples
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Superior
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above
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inferior
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below
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Anterior
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in front
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Posterior
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behind
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Dorsal
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back(top of and and top of foot)
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Ventral
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Front
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PLantar
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bottom of foot
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Palmar
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palms
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Prone
(transport pos,.) |
on stomach
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Supine
(transport pos.) |
on back
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Fowler's
(transport position) |
head elevated at 45 degree angle
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Trendelenburg's
(transport position) |
Flat on back at incline w legs elevated
- so gravity can return blood to heart |
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Left Lateral Recumbent
(recovery position) |
on left side
-so fluids can drain |
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Shock POsition
(Transport pos.) |
supine w legs elevated 12in starting at hip
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Skeletal System Function
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1- provides Structure
2- Protects vital organs 3-Locomotion 4- provides a place for muscle to attach to bone |
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Function of skull
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houses and protects the brain
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How many sections does the spinal column have?
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5
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Name the sections of the spinal column and how many vertebre they have.
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cervial(most imp to spinal injuries)-7
thoracic-12 lumbar-5 sacral-fused and do no articulate-5 coccyx-4 fused 33total vertebre |
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Pharynx
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a muscular tube known as the throat
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Eppiglottis
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a leaf like appendage that keeps food and liquid out of trachea
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Larynx
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Voice box
Thyriod cartilage=adam's apple |
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Cricoid Cartilage
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makes up rings of stiff cartilage to keep trachea open
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Bronchi
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2 major branches of the trachea to lungs
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Bronchioles
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subdivide into smaller air passages ending at the aveoli
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Aveoli
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where aveolar/capilary
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Aveolar/capillary exchange
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w each breath O2 enters the blood in the aveoli, and CO2 &H2O escape the blood in aveoli
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Capillary/cellular exchange
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cells release CO2 into capillaries
cells take in O2 from capillaries |
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Inhalation
(active) |
diaphram and intercostal muscles contract
-ribs move inward and outward -increase of thoracic cavity -Air flows into lungs |
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Exhalation
(passive) |
Diaphram and intercostal muscles relax
-ribs move downward and inward -decrease in size of thoracic cavity -Air escapes lungs |
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Adequate breathing rates
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Adult- 12-20/min
Child- 15-30/min infant 25-50/min |
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Assessment of quality of breathing
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1- breath sounds (present and equal)
2- chest expansion (adequate and equal) 3- use of accessory muscles |
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Assessment of breathing
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1- Quality
2-Rhythm( regular vs. irregular) 3-Rate 4- depth |
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Signs of inadequate breathing
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- absent/ diminished breath sounds
-Skin may become pale or cyanotic -retractions above clavicles, between ribs and below ribs -Nasal flaring -in infants 'seesaw' breathing -agonal breaths |
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discuss blood flow in the heart
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vena cava>right atriumthrough tricuspid valve>right ventricle> pulmonary arteries>lungs> aveolar/capillary exchange>pulmonary veins>left atrium>left ventricle>aorta> systemic circulation and cellular/capillary exchange
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What is heart made of
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cardiac muscle
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Heart
1. has ability |
to generate pulses
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How is the heart supplied with O2?
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through coronary arteries
(major artery) |
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FUNCTION of arteries
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carry blood away from heart
-arteries will produce a wave form with each beat=pulse |
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Aorta
(major artery) |
receives blood from L ventricle
|
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Pulmonary artery
(major artery) |
takes blood to lungs to oxygenate
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Carotid Artery
(major artery) |
-1 on each side of neck
most reliable pulse in shock or when unconscious -BP must be 60 to palpate |
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Femoral Artery
(major artery) |
1 on each side of the lateral groin area
BP must be 70 to palpate |
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Radial ARtery
(major) |
most common place to check pulse vital sign
-BP must be 90 |
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Brachial Artery
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-paplated for kids and infants for vital signs
- |
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POsterior tibial Artery
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Used when serious leg injury has occured
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Dorsal pedalis
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top of foot
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DEFINE:Perfusion
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The process of circulatiion of blood to the organs deliveringO2 and removing waste
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FUNCTION: veins
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vessles that carry blood back to heart
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4 components of blood
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1- white blood cells
2- red blood cells (carry O2 to cells) 3- platelets(cause clotting) 4-plasma (H2O and hemoglobin which carries O2 to blood and releases it when it reaches tissues |
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periphial pulses
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1-radial
2-brachial 3-posterior tibial 4- dorsalis pedis on extremities |
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Central pulses
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1-carotid
2-femoral Closer to the heart so they r bigger |
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DEFINE - blood pressure
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the pressure exerted against the insdie of the arterial walls
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Systolic
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pressure exerted against arterial walls LV contracts
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Diastolic
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pressure exerted against the walls when LV is at rest
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PULSE
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LV contracts and sends a wave of blood through arteries
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Hypoperfusion
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shock
-inadequate circulation of blood through organ or structure -profound circulatory collapse causing depression of the vital processes of the body |
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Symptoms of Hypoperfusion
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1- pale or cyanotic skin
2-cool and diaphoretic skin 3- elevated weak pulse 4-elevated shallow respiratory rate 5-altered menatl status or coma 6-low BP(hypotension) |
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Causes of Hypoperfusion
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1- Circulatory Volume loss
external, internal or dehydration 2-Blood vessel blockage(stroke) 3- Dilation of all arteries septic shock and anaphylatic shock |
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Voluntary(skeletal) muscle
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-attached to bones
-form majority of mscl mass of body -controlled by nervous system |
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Involuntary(smooth) muscle
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in gastrointestinal tract and within blood vessels and bronchi
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FUNCTION- nervous system
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control voluntary & involuntary activity of the body
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Components :Central nervous system
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brain
spinal chord |
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Nerve count
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Cranial-12
cervical-8 thoracic-12 lumbar-5 sacral-5 coxal-1 |
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FUNCTION: skin
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1- regulates temperature
2-senses heat, cold, pressure and pain 3-proects body from environment, bacteria and other organisms |
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3 layer of skin
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epidermis
dermis subcutaneous layer |
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FUNCTION: endocrine system
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secretes chemicals such as insulin and adrenaline
responsible for regulating body activities and functions |