Emt-B Mod 4

Front 1

An injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route

Back 1

Intravenous (IV) injection

Front 2

Medications that are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician's order.

Back 2

prescription medications

Front 3

An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route.

Back 3

Intramuscular (IM) injection

Front 4

The process of binding or sticking to a surface.

Back 4

adsorption

Front 5

Through the rectum; a medication delivery route.

Back 5

per rectum (PR)

Front 6

Medications that are designed to be absorbed through the skin (transcutaneously).

Back 6

transdermal medications

Front 7

A miniature spray canister through which droplets or particles of medication may be inhaled.

Back 7

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Front 8

By mouth; a medication delivery route.

Back 8

Oral

Front 9

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.

Back 9

Absorption

Front 10

A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve.

Back 10

suspension

Front 11

The therapeutic uses for a specific medication.

Back 11

indications

Front 12

Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate, for example, a condition in which a medication should not be given because it would not help or may actually harm a patient.

Back 12

contraindications

Front 13

A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit.

Back 13

oral glucose

Front 14

A medication that is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation), and potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping).

Back 14

aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, or ASA)

Front 15

Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surface of the skin and affect only that area; a medication delivery route.

Back 15

topical medications

Front 16

A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing arteries to dilate; you may be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication.

Back 16

nitroglycerin

Front 17

The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body.

Back 17

action

Front 18

A liquid mixture, of two or more substances, that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand.

Back 18

solution

Front 19

under the tongue; a medication delivery route

Back 19

sublingual (SL)

Front 20

The use of multiple medications on a regular basis.

Back 20

polypharmacy

Front 21

Into the bone; a medication delivery route.

Back 21

Intraosseous (IO)

Front 22

The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient's size and age.

Back 22

dose

Front 23

The study of the properties and effects of medications.

Back 23

pharmacology

Front 24

A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without oxygen.

Back 24

Oxygen

Front 25

The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized.

Back 25

Trade name

Front 26

The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast with one of its "trade names"); the name is not capitalized.

Back 26

Generic name

Front 27

Through the skin; a medication delivery route.

Back 27

transcutaneous

Front 28

A semiliquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes.

Back 28

gel

Front 29

An abnormally low blood glucose level.

Back 29

hypoglycemia

Front 30

A medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchiole tree; you may be allowed to help the patient self-administer the medication.

Back 30

epinephrine

Front 31

Injection into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route.

Back 31

subcutaneous (SC) injection

Front 32

Medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription.

Back 32

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications

Front 33

Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route.

Back 33

inhalation

Front 34

Through the mouth; a medication delivery route; same as oral.

Back 34

per os (PO)

Front 35

Any effects of a medication other than the desired ones.

Back 35

side effects

Front 36

An oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses. Charcoal is ground into a very fine powder that provides the greatest possible surface area for binding medications that have been taken by mouth; it is carried on the EMS unit.

Back 36

activated (Liquid) charcoal

Front 37

A harsh, high-pitched, barking inspiratory sound often heard in acute laryngeal (upper airway) obstruction.

Back 37

stridor

Front 38

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space.

Back 38

pneumothorax

Front 39

A condition in which the body's cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen.

Back 39

hypoxia

Front 40

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli, caused by chronic bronchial obstruction.

Back 40

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Front 41

An infectious disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children.

Back 41

croup

Front 42

Irritation of the major lung passageways, from either infectious disease or irritants such as smoke.

Back 42

chronic bronchitis

Front 43

Coarse breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the airways.

Back 43

rhonchi

Front 44

An infectious disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause upper airway obstruction.

Back 44

epiglottitis

Front 45

Crackling, rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs.

Back 45

crackles

Front 46

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers blood carbon dioxide levels below normal.

Back 46

hyperventilation

Front 47

Backup system to control respirations when oxygen levels fall.

Back 47

hypoxic drive

Front 48

A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung.

Back 48

pleural effusion

Front 49

A disease of the lungs in which muscle spasm in the small air passageways and the production of large amounts of mucus with swelling of the mucus lining of the respiratory passages result in airway obstruction.

Back 49

asthma

Front 50

An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue.

Back 50

pneumonia

Front 51

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure.

Back 51

pulmonary edema

Front 52

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura.

Back 52

pleuritic chest pain

Front 53

A viral infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of fluid from the sinuses and nose.

Back 53

common cold

Front 54

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

Back 54

dyspnea

Front 55

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Back 55

emphysema

Front 56

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.

Back 56

pulmonary embolism

Front 57

A high-pitched, whistling breath sound, characteristically heard on expiration in patients with asthma or COPD.

Back 57

wheezing

Front 58

A substance that causes an allergic reaction.

Back 58

allergen

Front 59

Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flu-like symptoms.

Back 59

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Front 60

An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.

Back 60

diptheria

Front 61

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes blockage.

Back 61

embolus

Front 62

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide.

Back 62

carbon dioxide retention

Front 63

Death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its blood supply.

Back 63

infarction

Front 64

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.

Back 64

cardiogenic shock

Front 65

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

Back 65

atherosclerosis

Front 66

The front surface of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position.

Back 66

anterior

Front 67

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels.

Back 67

perfusion

Front 68

Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min.

Back 68

bradycardia

Front 69

Blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel.

Back 69

occlusion

Front 70

Complete absence of heart electrical activity.

Back 70

asystole

Front 71

The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the head.

Back 71

superior

Front 72

To shock a fibrillating (chaotically beating) heart with specialized electrical current in an attempt to restore a normal rhythmic beat.

Back 72

defibrillate

Front 73

Rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atrium), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest.

Back 73

ventricular tachycardia (VT)

Front 74

An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm.

Back 74

arrhythmia

Front 75

Fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness.

Back 75

syncope

Front 76

A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs.

Back 76

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Front 77

Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure (CHF).

Back 77

dependent edema

Front 78

Rapid heart rhythm, more than 100 beats/min.

Back 78

tachycardia

Front 79

The main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body.

Back 79

aorta

Front 80

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred.

Back 80

ischemia

Front 81

A state in which the heart fails to generate an effective and detectable blood flow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscular and electrical activity continues in the heart.

Back 81

cardiac arrest

Front 82

One of two (right and left) lower chambers of the heart. The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium (upper chamber) and delivers blood to the aorta. The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery.

Back 82

ventricle

Front 83

One of two (right and left) upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle.

Back 83

atrium

Front 84

A blood vessel that carries blood and nutrients to the heart muscle.

Back 84

coronary artery

Front 85

Transient (short-lived) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.

Back 85

angina pectoris

Front 86

The one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta. It keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta. One of four heart valves.

Back 86

aortic valve

Front 87

The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure.

Back 87

lumen

Front 88

The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the feet.

Back 88

inferior

Front 89

Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery.

Back 89

dilation

Front 90

Heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute in this context means "new" or "happening right now."

Back 90

acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

Front 91

Disorganized, ineffective twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest.

Back 91

ventricular fibrillation

Front 92

heart muscle

Back 92

myocardium

Front 93

The back surface of the body; the side away from you in the standard anatomical position.

Back 93

posterior

Front 94

A lack of oxygen in the cells of the brain that cause them to not function properly.

Back 94

ischemia

Front 95

Convulsions that result from sudden high fevers, particularly in children.

Back 95

febrile seizures