Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is an IV drug route? |
Itravenous |
|
|
What is an SL drug route? |
Sublingual |
|
|
What is an PO drug route? |
By mouth |
|
|
What is an IM drug route? |
Intramuscular |
|
|
What is an SQ or SC drug route? |
Subcutaneous |
|
|
What is an IO drug route? |
Interosseous |
|
|
What is a drug route that is applied directly to the skin called? |
transcutaneous |
|
|
What is an IN drug route? |
Inhaled |
|
|
What is an PR drug route? |
Per rectum |
|
|
Under the Title 22 State Scope of Practice, what two drugs are allowed to be transported and administered by an EMT |
Oxygen and Glucose |
|
|
What is the scope of practice for an EMT-B in terms of IV Monitoring? |
EMTs may monitor, maintain, and adjust a preset rate of flow, or shut off IV if there are signs of infiltration. |
|
|
What three medications can an EMT assist the patient or allow the patient to self administer? |
Nitroglycerin, Epinephrine, Bronchodilator Inhaler |
|
|
Are EMTs allowed to carry these three medicines; Nitroglycerin, Epinephrine, Bronchodilator Inhaler; on the unit or in the jump kit? |
No |
|
|
After administering or assisting the patient with any of the three drugs within your scope of practice, what should you do? |
Transport the patient immediately to the nearest hospital or have an ALS unit en route. |
|
|
What is an indication that a patient should be administered nitroglycerin? |
Chest pain |
|
|
What are the contraindications for administering a patient nitroglycerin |
The patient has a head injury or has a BP less than 100 systolic or has had viagra within 24/hrs or has had 3 doses prior to arrival. |
|
|
What is an Indication that a patient should be administered an Epinephrine auto injector? |
The patient has a sever allergic reaction |
|
|
Where do you inject an Epinephrine auto injector? |
Upper-Outer thigh only |
|
|
What is an indication that a patient should be administered a Bronchodilator Inhaler? |
Dyspnea, associated with bronchospasm |
|
|
What are the contraindications for administering a Bronchodilator Inhaler? |
The patient is unable to use the device or has taken the maximum does PTA. |
|
|
What should you do with the Bronchodilator Inhaler when it is to be administered in a cold environment? |
Roll Inhaler between palms to warm it up. |
|
|
Monitoring IV with additives Folic Acid - |
1mg/1000ml Max |
|
|
Monitoring IV with additives Multivitamins - |
1 vial/1000ml Max |
|
|
Monitoring IV with additives Magnesium Sulfate - |
2 grams/1000ml (in conjunction with MVI) |
|
|
Monitoring IV with additives Thiamin - |
100mg/1000ml Max |
|
|
What are the two additives that require an infusion pump? |
Potassium Chloride and Total Parent Nutrition |
|
|
What are the two main rules for patient controlled infusion pumps? |
They may only be activated by the patient or caregiver and must be transported locked. |
|
|
Can an EMT transport Central Venous Monitoring devices, Swan Ganz catheters, or Arterial lines? |
No |
|
|
What are the acute risks of exposure to Chemotherapy? |
Irritation, burning, tissue destruction |
|
|
What are the chronic risks of exposure to Chemotherapy? |
Genetic damage, birth defects, cancer |
|
|
Name all the bones in the face and skull (I don't know just do it) |
Parietal bone, Frontal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone, Zygomatic bone, Nasal bones, Lacrimal bone, Ethmoid bone, Vomer, Maxillae, Maxilla, Middle and Inferior nasal Concha, Mandible, Palatine, and Occipital bone. |
|
|
How many bones are in the skeletal system? |
206 |
|
|
Anatomy What is the main purpose of muscles? |
Provide movement and generate heat |
|
|
Anatomy What is the main purpose of ligaments? |
Connect bone to bone |
|
|
Anatomy What is the main purpose of tendons? |
Connect bone to muscle |
|
|
Anatomy What is the main purpose of bones? |
Provide shape |
|
|
Name all the parts of the neck |
Thyroid cartilage, Cricoid cartilage, Cricothyroid membrane, Trachea, Carotid arteries, Sternocleidomastoid muscle. |
|
|
How many vertebrae are in the spinal column? How many vertebrae are Cervical? How many are Thoracic? How many are Lumbar? How many are Sacrum? How many are Coccyx? |
33 vertebrae 7 Cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Sacrum 5 Coccyx |
|
|
Skeletal muscles are? |
Voluntary muscles attached to the body. |
|
|
Smooth muscles are? |
Involuntary muscles that carry out the automatic muscular functions of the body. |
|
|
What is the Cardiac muscle? |
An involuntary muscle that has it's own blood supply and electrical system which can tolerate interruptions of blood supply for only 4-6 minutes. |
|
|
What is a sprain injury? What is a strain injury? |
Joint Injury with tearing of ligaments. Stretching or tearing of a muscle. |
|
|
What is ecchymosis? |
Discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising. |
|
|
What is a dislocation injury? |
A disruption of the joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact and the supporting ligaments are torn. |
|
|
What is a closed fracture? What is an open fracture? |
A fracture that does not break the skin. A fracture that does break the skin. |
|
|
What is a non-displaced fracture? What is a displaced fracture? |
A simple crack A deformity |
|
|
What is a green stick fracture? |
An incomplete fracture that only passes partway through the bone, commonly occurs in children. |
|
|
What is a spiral fracture? |
Torsion fracture bone has been twisted apart. |
|
|
What is a transverse fracture? |
A fracture that occurs at a right angle or straight across bone. |
|
|
What is a comminuted fracture? |
The bones are broken into two or more fragments. |
|
|
What is a pathologic fracture? |
A fracture of a weakened bone. |
|
|
What is an Epiphyseal fracture? |
Fracture of growth section of bone, can hinder growth if not treated properly. |
|
|
How much blood can a fracture Femur bleed internally? The Pelvis? The Tibia? |
1 Liter 1 Liter 500 cc |
|
|
What does the presentation of a hip fracture look like? |
Shortened, externally rotated |
|
|
What does the presentation of a hip dislocation look like? |
Usually flexed and internally rotated |
|
|
What is the treatment for a hip fracture/dislocation? |
Use the draw sheet method to transport patient, do not attempt to straighten leg, support with rolled blankets, and prevent hip movement. |
|
|
What should you always check before and after splinting or immobilizing a patient? |
PMSC in all extremities |
|
|
What are the hazards of improper splinting? |
Further damage, delay in transport, reduction of distal circulation, aggravation of injury, injury to tissue, nerves, blood vessels, or muscle. |
|
|
What are possible causes of behavioral problems? |
Alcohol and drugs, head injury, metabolic disorders, neurological, psychiatric illness, stress response. |
|
|
What is implied consent? |
The patient is not mentally competent to make a decision. |
|
|
If you are not sure of the mental competence of the patient or whether or not consent is implied what should you do? |
Request law enforcement for assistance. |
|
|
When should you use restraints on a patient? Should law Enforcement be involved? How much force should you use? |
Only use restraints in an emergency, law enforcement should be involved, and only use reasonable force. |
|
|
What risk factors should you take into consideration when assessing the level of danger of a potentially violent patient? |
Past history, Posture, Scene, Vocal activity, Physical activity. |
|
|
What is Diabetes? |
A disease in which there is inadequate insulin produced by the body. |
|
|
What is Glucose? |
Source of energy required by all cells for normal functioning. |
|
|
What is Insulin? |
Hormone secreted by pancreas - allows cells to use glucose. |
|
|
What is the range for a normal glucose level? |
80-120 glucose units or something (f**k) |
|
|
What is Hypoglycemia? |
Low glucose level |
|
|
What is Hyperglycemia? |
High glucose level |
|
|
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes? |
Type 1 diabetes is juvenile onset while Type 2 diabetes is adult onset. |
|
|
Do Type 1 Diabetes patients produce any insulin naturally in their body? |
No |
|
|
Do Type 2 Diabetes patients produce any insulin naturally in their body? |
Yes, but inadequate amounts. |
|
|
What are the signs and symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis? |
Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Kussmaul respirations (deep and labored), Unconsciousness |
|
|
What is the cause of a diabetic coma? |
Insufficient Insulin |
|
|
What are the signs of a diabetic coma? |
Slow onset of ALOC, dehydration, kussmaul respirations, "fruity" breath odor. |
|
|
What is the cause of insulin shock? |
An excess of insulin |
|
|
What are the signs of insulin shock? |
Rapid onset ALOC, pale, cool, diaphoretic (sweating), dizziness, headache, rapid pulse, fainting, seizure, or coma. |
|
|
If a patient appears to be intoxicated, what should an EMT suspect other than that they may have drank a lot? |
That the patient is Hypoglycemic. |
|
|
What questions would you ask a diabetic patient? |
Have you taken insulin or hypoglycemics? Have you taken your usual does today? Have you eaten normally today? Any illness, unusual activity, or stress today? |
|
|
What is the treatment for any ALOC diabetic patient? |
High flow O2 via mask Supine or left lateral position Administer Oral glucose Rapid transport |
|
|
What is the anatomy of the skin |
Epidermis(outermost layer), Dermis, Hypodermis, Hair follicles, Sweat glands, arrector pili muscle. |
|
|
What is the function of the skin? |
Protection, sensation, temperature control |
|
|
|
Pool of blood that has collected in the body. |
|
|
What is a crushing injury? |
A great amount of force applied to the body for a long period of time. |
|
|
Abrasions are caused by? |
Friction |
|
|
What is an avulsion? |
Skin is either hanging as a flap or torn completely off. |
|
|
How would you describe arterial bleeding? |
Spurting, Lighter |
|
|
How would you describe venous bleeding? |
Flowing, Darker |
|
|
How would you describe capillary bleeding? |
oozing |
|
|
How do you take control of bleeding? |
Direct pressure Elevate extremity Pressure dressing Pressure points Tourniquet (last resort) |
|
|
How do you apply a tourniquet? |
Pad skin with dressing Wrap a bandage around the wound twice (loosely) Use a wooden dowel to twist the bandage tightly around wound and secure Document "TK" and time and place on patient |
|
|
When should you attempt to move or remove an impaled object |
If it interferes with CPR, otherwise secure object with bulky dressing. |
|
|
How should you take control of bleeding when the patient is bleeding from the ears, penetrating head wounds, the rectum, or the vagina? |
Use loose dressings Do not stop blood flow Do not pack Do not apply pressure |
|
|
What is a crush injury? |
It is an injury from a compressive force sufficient to interfere with the normal metabolic function of the involved tissue. |
|
|
What is crush syndrome? |
When acids and potassium spill into the surrounding tissue as a side affect of a crush injury, upon reperfusion, the acids and potassium flow to the heart and it is bad. |
|
|
What is a proper burn assessment? |
Depth of burn Extent of burn or BSA (burn surface area) Identify critical burn Under 5 or over 55? |
|
|
What are the parameters that define a critical burn? |
Burns involving respiratory tract Any electrical burns Face, hands, feet or genitalia 2nd degree with over 30% BSA 3rd degree with over 10% BSA |
|
|
What is the treatment for a thermal burn? |
Stop the burning process assess burn High flow O2 Remove clothing and jewelry Cool burn areas Cover with clean dressing/sheet Be aware of hypothermia Transport |
|
|
Electrical burns are scary, why are they scary? |
Because you can't see that sh*t! |
|
|
What is the treatment for chemical burns? |
Remove chemical from patient Remove all clothing Flush with water for 15 to 20 minutes Rapid transport |
|
|
What do you do if the patient is suffering from radiation burns? |
Summon expert assistance Contain source of radiation Remove clothing Follow decontamination procedures |
