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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Botulism TX
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botulism is not spread from person to person
-food borne and wound botulism can be treated with an antitoxin (blocks the action of toxin circulating in the blood) -paralysis and respiratory failure may require ventilator |
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plague
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bacteria found in rodents (chipmonks, prarie dogs, ground squirrels, mice) and their fleas
bacteria can also be grown in large amounts and disseminated by aerosol in a bioterrorism attack S/S -fever -extreme weakness -SOB -CX PN -cough -bloody sputum -N/V/D -ABD pn can lead to septic shock in 2 - 4 days without TX, high mortality |
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plague TX
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diagnosed through testing for the bacteria
-plague must be treated early (within 24 hours) -antibiotic or microbial agents SPREAD THROUGH RESPIRATORY DROPLETS |
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Ricin
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protein cytotoxin, derived from beans of the castor plant.
-can be made into a mist, poweder or pellet Aerosol inhalation -pulmonary toxicity with severe respiratory symptoms within 8 hours -respiratory failure in 36-72 hours nonspecific S/S -weakness -fever -vomiting -cough -hypoxemia -hypothermia -hypotension Ingested S/S -N/V/D -ABD cramps -vascular collapse and death |
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Ricin TX
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none available, avoid exposure and eliminate toxin from the body ASAP
TX -move pt to an area with fresh air -remove contaminated clothing expect seizures, hypotension, respiratory failure |
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smallpox
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declared extinct by the WHO in 1980
-incubation period is 12 days following exposure -spread by an infected person releasing infected saliva from the mouth into the air -also direct contact with body fluids or contaminated objects like bedding or clothing S/S -high fever -fatigue -head and back aches -2 days later smallpox rash and lesions, that become crusts -joint deformities, and blindness may follow -death rate 35% |
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smallpox TX
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-vaccine for at risk groups (enough for EMS)
-supportive care by vaccinated individuals -destroy contaminated items (fire, steam, or sodium hypochlorite) |
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Tularemia
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bacterium found in animals (rodents, rabbits, hares) highly infectious, some strains resistant to antibiotics
infection -aerosol -skin, mucus membranes, respiratory tract, GI tract -transmission person to person does not occur S/S 1 day to 2 weeks -based on strength of strain and route of exposure -abrupt onset of an acute febrile illness (H/A, chills, general malaise) -N/V/D -disseminated intravascular coagulation with bleeding, ARDS, death |
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Tularemia TX
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-managed with antibiotics
-vaccine under review -ABCs |
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Viral Hemorrhagic fevers
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arenovirus, filovirus, bunyavirus, flavivuruses all have lipid envelopes, and limited geographic ranges
-highly infectious if spread via aerosol -virus naturally reside in animals (cotton rat, deer mouse) or arthropods (ticks and misquitos) -most spread thru contact with urine, fecal matter, saliva, or other bodily secretions from infected animals or misquito or tick bite Ebola and Marburg can be spread from person to person following an initial infection (body tissues and fluids) S/S -hemorrhage and life threatening disease -fever -fatigue -dizziness -muscle aches -loss of strength -exhaustion Pts bleed from -mucus membranes -internal ogans -mouth -eyes -ears shock, renal failure, CNS dysfunction, coma, seizures may devlop with severe infection |
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VHF TX
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supportive
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nuclear and radiological threats
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RDD
-radiological dispersion device (dirty bomb) -or radioactive source with no explosive -radioactive fallout S/S -radiation sickness, -severe burns -longterm cancer fatalities factors affecting RDD -size of explosive -amount and type of radioactive mats used -weather conditions |
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nuclear TX
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time/distance/shielding
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incendiary threats concerns
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-possibility for large numbers of injured victims and fatalities
-significant damage to buildings and the infrastructure of the community -overwhelming of local resources (emergency response agencies, hospitals mental health agencies) -the involvement of law enforcement at local, state and federal levels because of the criminal nature of the event -the closing of workplaces and schools -possible restrictions on domestic and international travel -the need for evacuation and extended cleanup -public fear that can continue for a prolonged period |
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nerve agents
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sarin, soman, tabun, VX
inhibit the effects of acetylcholinesterace which causes a cholinergic overdrive |
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Sarin
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"BG"
clear, colorless, tasteless liquid that has no odor in its pure form -can be vapor or mixed into drinking water S/S minutes to hours -H/A -salivation -CX PN -ABD cramps -wheezing -fasciculations -seizure -respiratory failure |
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Soman
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"GD"
clear, colorless tasteless liquid with a slight camphor odor, similar to the smell of vicks vaporub or rotting fruit -can vaporize if heated -more volatile then VX, less volatile then sarin S/S seconds to hours after exposure -H/A -salivation -CX PN -ABD cramps -wheezing -fasciculations -seizure -respiratory failure |
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Tabun
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"GA"
clear, colorless, tasteless liquid with a faint fruity odor, can vaporize if heated -can be exposed by skin or eye contact or by inhalation -also mixes easily with water allowing for cutanous or GI tract exposure -secondary contamination via clothing possible S/S seconds after in exposure to vapor, 18 hour for liquid tabun -watery eyes -blurred vision -H/A -weakness -cough -drooling -polyuria -excessive sweating -fasciculations -hypotension or hypertension -cardiac abnormalities SEVERE -LOC -seizure -cardiorespiratory arrest -not likely to survive |
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VX
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thick amber-colored odorless liquid, resembling motor oil and MOST POTENT
-super toxic = cutaneous -more toxic = inhalation primarily liquid exposure hazard -but also skin, eye and inhalation, ingestion S/S Inhalation = few seconds liquid form = few minutes up to 18 hours same as other agents |
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Nerve agents TX
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-supportive
-move quickly to fresh air or uphill and upwind (many agents settle in low areas) -remove clothing (can release agents for 30 min) -atropine/2pam -diazepam/lorazepam for seizures |
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Chlorine
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yellow-green gas with an odor of pineapple pepper
-can be changed into liquid for shipping that vaporizes dissemination -skin, eye, inhalation S/S -cough -chest pain -burning sensation in the nose, eyes, or throat -watery eyes -blurred vision -GI distrubances -dermal burns from skin cntact -SOB and dyspnea -pulmonary edema within 2-4 hours |
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Phosgene
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"CG"
poisonous gas that appears as a grayish white cloud and smells of newly mowed hay. -vaporizes into a gas that stays close to the ground -damages lung producing a burning sensation, cough, labored breathing. -pulmonary edema with frothy sputum may develop dissemination -touching or drinking water contaminated with phosgene, or eating food prepared with water S/S -same as chlorine -hypotension and heart failure -lethal doses, death can occur in 48 hours |
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gases TX
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no antidotes exist
-move to an area of high ground -remove clothing |
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blister agents
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chemicals with highly irritating properties that produce fluid-filled pockets on the skin and damge to the eyes, lungs, and mucus membranes
S/S -loss of visions -convulsions -respiratory failure -GI/CNS/Bone marrow mustard gas -oily brown to yellow liquid -smells like garlic, onion, horseradish, mustard lewisite -more volatile -smells like geraniums in its gaseous state -immediate pain and irritation on contact |
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blister agents TX
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-ABCs
-immediate decon -S/S may not develop for a number of hours |
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explosive threats
unconventional use |
airplanes as bombs
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3 primary missions of the department of homeland security
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1) prevent terrorist attacks on the US
2) reduce america's vulnerability to terrorism 3) minimize the damage from potential attacks and natural disasters |
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5 threat level conditions
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Green (low condition)
-refine and exercise preplanned protective measures -proper training Blue (Guarded Condition) -general risk -check communications -review emergency response procedures -provide the public with info Yellow (elevated condition) -significant risk of terrorist attacks -increasing surveillance of critical locations -coordinating emergency plans Orange (high condition) -high risk of terrorist attacks Red (severe condition) -closing public and governmental facilities |
