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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Somatic Markers |
- Biasing signals generated from body, convey how rewarding or punishing an action is likely to be |
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Inducers of Somatic Markers |
- Primary: Both primary and secondary reinforcers (innate or learned stimuli) |
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The Body Loop |
- Somatic markers which reflect changes in the body |
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The As If Loop |
- Somatic markers which reflect the brain's representation of the body |
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Somatic Marker Hypothesis |
- Emotion is the representation of complex array of homeostatic changes, occuring in different levels of brain and body in response to sensations |
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Phineas Gage |
- Famous case of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex damage
- Unable to use prior emotion experience to guide decisions - In complex situations, inability to predictreward andpunishments leads toinappropriate choices |
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EVR |
- Suffered from brain tumour, leading to Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex damage |
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Bechara et al. (1999)
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- Iowa gambling task |
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Chwalisz et al. (1988) |
- Spinal cord injury vs. other disability vs. non-disabled |
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North & O'Carroll (2001) |
- Spinal cord injuries played Iowa Gambling Task |
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Heims et al. (2004) |
- Pure autonomic failure patients play Iowa Gambling Task |
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Critique of James-Lange and Somatic Marker Hypothesis |
- Are bodily changes distinct enough to distinguish basic emotions? |
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Critique of Somatic Marker Hypothesis |
- Seems inefficient to have to go through the body to read emotions, why not use inducer + amygdala/vmPFC? |