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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Parts of the eye
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inner - eyeball
outer - facial structure and muscles |
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Inner eye
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3 layers -
outer middle inner |
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Outer layer
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cornea
salera - white of the eye |
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cornea
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allows light in
focus light onto the retina |
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sclera
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tough protective covering for most of the eye
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middle layer
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uvea
made up of: choroid ciliary body iris |
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choroid
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inner lining of the sclera
contains blood vessels that nourish the eye |
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ciliary body
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at the anterior edge of the choroid
ciliary muscles ciliary process |
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ciliary muscles
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adjust the shape of the lens
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ciliary process
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produces the aqueous humor
that bathes the anterior region of the eye |
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pupil
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central opening in the iris
constricts in bright light |
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iris
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colored portion of the eye
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inner layer of the eye
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retina
contains cones and rods |
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cones
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responsible for central and bright light vision
concentrated in a depression in the center of the retina |
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depression in the center of the retina
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fovea centralis
lies within the yellowish macula lutea |
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rods
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responsible for low light vision and peripheral vision
located in the periphery of the retina - away from the macula lutea |
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optic disc
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no rods or cones
AKA - blind spot Where the optic nerve begins and entry point for blood vessels |
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lens
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not considered to be part of one of the layers of the eye
posterior to the iris Held in place by suspensory ligaments |
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bent light
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refraction
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lens accommodation
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changing of the lens shape by the ciliary body (muscles and process)
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anterior cavity of the eye
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contains aqueous humor
Watery fluid produced by ciliary process |
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aqueous humor
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flows from posterior chamber to the anterior chamber through the pupil
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drains fluid from the eye
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lattice or meshwork structure called trabecular
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canal of schlemm
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drains fluid from the eye into the venous system
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inability to drain fluid from the eye
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glaucoma
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pressure equality
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intraocular pressure
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vitreous humor
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clear, jelly like material in the posterior cavity of the eye
maintains shape holds retina firmly against the choroid |
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outer eye
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orbital cavity
extrinsic ocular muscles eyelids conjunctival membrane lacrimal apparatus |
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orbital cavity
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bony depression where the eye fits
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extrinsic ocular muscles
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six
attached to the sclera of each eye moves the eye |
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straight
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rectus
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slanted
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oblique
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rectus muscles
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superior
inferior medial lateral |
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oblique muscles
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superior
inferior |
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function of the eyelids
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shields from dust, light and trauma
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conjunctival membrane
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thin, mucous membrane
Lines the eyelid PLUS the anterior part of the eye that is exposed to the air. |
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lacrimal apparatus
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produces
delivers drains tears from the eyes |
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tears
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cleans and lubricates the eye
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tears are produced by
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lacrimal glands
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delivers tears
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lacrimal ducts
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drains tears from the eyes into canals
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punctae
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cataracts
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removed using phaco emulsification
Ultrasound destroys cataracts Fragments removed by suction |
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ECCE
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extracapsular cataract extraction
remove cataract through an incision |
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artificial implant (lens)
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intraocular lens
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errors of refraction
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astigmatism - blurring caused by an uneven cornea
hypertopia - farsightedness light focuses behind the retina myopia - nearsightedness light focuses in front of the retina |
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macular degeneration
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deterioration of the macula lutea
also - ARMD - age related macular degeneration Loss of central vision |
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parts of the ear
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inner
middle external |
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hearing process
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transduction - converting detected sound into nerve impulses
detection - receiving the sound stimulus |
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external ear
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auricle (pinna)
external auditory meatus eardrum (tympanic) membrane |
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middle ear
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3 ossicles (bones)
malleus - hammer incus - anvil stapes - stirrup |
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inner ear
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bony labyrinth - vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
membraneous labyrinth - utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts and cochlear ducts |
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bony labyrinth
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encased in bone
filled with fluid - perilymph |
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membrane labyrinth
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within the bony labyrinth
tubes filled with fluid - endolymph |
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parts of the bony labyrinth
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vestibule
semicircular canals cochlea |
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vestibule
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utricle
saccule membraneous sacs important for balance |
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middle ear transmits sound to the inner ear through
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oval window
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organ of Corti
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sensitive hair cells
react to vibrations of the staples by moving movement stimulates underlying nerve cell fibers - creating impulses that go to the temporal lobe |
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types of deafness
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conductive deafness - obstructed path from the external ear to the inner ear
sensorineural deafness - damage to the auditory nerve or cochlea - irreversible |
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Meniere's disease
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inner condition that includes hearing loss
feeling of pressure in the ear vertigo (dizziness) tinnitus (ringing in the ears) |