Eml Chapter 11: Digestive System

Front 1

mouth

Back 1

opening through which food passes into the body

Front 2

tongue

Back 2

consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth. It provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech.

Front 3

palate

Back 3

seperates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Front 4

soft palate

Back 4

posterior portion, not supported by bone

Front 5

hard palate

Back 5

anterior portion, supported by bone

Front 6

uvula

Back 6

soft V-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate, directs food into throat

Front 7

pharynx, throat

Back 7

performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus

Front 8

esophagus

Back 8

10-inch tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach

Front 9

stomach

Back 9

J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control

Front 10

cardia

Back 10

area around the opening of the esophagus

Front 11

fundus

Back 11

uppermost domed portion of the stomach

Front 12

body

Back 12

central portion of the stomach

Front 13

antrum

Back 13

lower portion of the stomach

Front 14

pylorus

Back 14

portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

Front 15

pyloric sphincter

Back 15

ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

Front 16

small intestine

Back 16

20-foot canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine

Front 17

duodenum

Back 17

first 10 to 12 inches of the small intestine

Front 18

jejunum

Back 18

second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet

Front 19

ileum

Back 19

third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet long, which connects with the large intestine

Front 20

large intestine

Back 20

canal that is approximately 5 feet long and extends from the ileum to the anus

Front 21

cocum

Back 21

blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine

Front 22

colon

Back 22

next portion of the large intestine. The colon is divided into four parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, decending colon, and sigmoid colon

Front 23

rectum

Back 23

remaining portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 to 10 inches long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus

Front 24

anus

Back 24

sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the digestive tract

Front 25

salivary glands

Back 25

produce saliva, which flows into the mouth

Front 26

liver

Back 26

produce bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. The liver performs many other functions concerned with digestion and metabolism

Front 27

bile ducts

Back 27

passageways that carry bile: the hepatic duct is apassageway for bile from the liver, and the cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder. They join to form the common bile duct, which conveys bile to the duodenum. Collectively, these passageways are referred to as the biliary tract

Front 28

gallbladder

Back 28

small, saclike structure that store bile

Front 29

pancreas

Back 29

produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism

Front 30

peritoneum

Back 30

serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Front 31

abdomen

Back 31

portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis

Front 32

appendix

Back 32

small pouch, which has no function in digestion, attached to the cecum (also called vermiform appendix)

Front 33

an/o

Back 33

anus

Front 34

antr/o

Back 34

antrum

Front 35

cec/o

Back 35

cecum

Front 36

col/o
colon/o

Back 36

colon (usually denoting the large intestine)

Front 37

duoden/o

Back 37

duodenum

Front 38

enter/o

Back 38

intestine (usually denoting the small intestine)

Front 39

esophag/o

Back 39

esophagus

Front 40

gastr/o

Back 40

stomach

Front 41

abdomin/o
celi/o
lapar/o

Back 41

abdomen (abdominal cavity)

Front 42

appendic/o

Back 42

appendix

Front 43

cheil/o

Back 43

lip

Front 44

cholangi/o

Back 44

bile duct

Front 45

chol/e

Back 45

gall, bile

Front 46

choledoch/o

Back 46

common bile duct

Front 47

diverticul/o

Back 47

diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ

Front 48

gingiv/o

Back 48

gum

Front 49

gloss/o
lingu/o

Back 49

tongue

Front 50

hepat/o

Back 50

liver

Front 51

herni/o

Back 51

hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall

Front 52

palat/o

Back 52

palate

Front 53

pancreat/o

Back 53

pancreas

Front 54

peritone/o

Back 54

peritoneum

Front 55

polyp/o

Back 55

polyp, small growth

Front 56

pylor/o

Back 56

pylorus, pyloric sphincter

Front 57

sial/o

Back 57

saliva, salivary gland

Front 58

steat/o

Back 58

fat

Front 59

uvul/o

Back 59

uvula

Front 60

hemi-

Back 60

half

Front 61

-pepsia

Back 61

digestion

Front 62

adhesion

Back 62

abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are seperated.

Front 63

anorexia nervosa

Back 63

eating disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat

Front 64

bulimia nervosa

Back 64

an eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse

Front 65

cirrhosis

Back 65

chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue

Front 66

Crohn disease

Back 66

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction

Front 67

duodenal ulcer

Back 67

ulcer in the duodenum

Front 68

gastric ulcer

Back 68

ulcer in the stomach

Front 69

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Back 69

the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus

Front 70

hemochromatosis

Back 70

an iron metabolisim disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue

Front 71

hemorrhoid

Back 71

varicose vein in the rectal area, which may be internal or external

Front 72

ileus

Back 72

obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis

Front 73

intussusception

Back 73

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

Front 74

irritable bowel syndrome

Back 74

periodic disturbances of bowel funtion

Front 75

obesity

Back 75

excess body fat (not body weight)

Front 76

peptic ulcer

Back 76

another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer

Front 77

polyp

Back 77

tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane

Front 78

ulcerative colitis

Back 78

inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers

Front 79

volvulus

Back 79

twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction

Front 80

anastommosis

Back 80

an opening created by surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments

Front 81

bariatric surgery

Back 81

surgical reduction of gastric capacityto treat morbid obesity

Front 82

hemorrhoidectomy

Back 82

excision of hemorrhoids

Front 83

vagotomy

Back 83

cutting of certain branches of the vangus nerve

Front 84

ascites

Back 84

abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Front 85

dysentery

Back 85

disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine

Front 86

emesis

Back 86

expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth

Front 87

feces

Back 87

waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum

Front 88

flatus

Back 88

gas in digestive tract

Front 89

gastric lavage

Back 89

washing out of the stomach

Front 90

gavage

Back 90

process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube

Front 91

hematemesis

Back 91

vomiting of blood

Front 92

hematochezia

Back 92

passage of bloody feces

Front 93

melensa

Back 93

black, tarry stool that contains digested blood